日治時期台灣總督府之技術官僚－以土木技師為例

Technocrats of the General Governor of Taiwan in the Japanese-ruled Period: The Roles of the Civil Engineers

蔡龍保(Lung-Pao Tsai)

《興大歷史學報》 19期 (2007/11) Pp. 309-390

https://doi.org/10.29624/CHJH.200711.0011

摘要

明治維新、殖產興業的近代化經驗是日本帝國統治殖民地之利器。熟習西方近代科技的技術官僚，在殖民地扮演日本近代化經驗的傳播者之角色。職司道路事業的土木技師，其出身及素質長期以來有所變化。行政官僚領政期(1895.5-1898.6)風氣不良，技術人員的專業和操守不佳，屢傳貪汙事件。進入技術官僚領政期(1898.7-1924.12)，長尾半平以技術官僚之姿領政，幾乎全員汰換前期的技師，建構一支以東大為首的菁英技術團隊，且技術官僚自此開始有長期在臺服務的傾向。進入交通政策轉換期(1924.12-1945)，「鐵路萬能」時代結束，道路事業邁入積極發展期，推進新規道路事業，積極敦聘具近代舖設道路專才的技師。就土木技師的工作觀之，種類之多、工作之繁重，呈顯土木技術官僚與日本國策和總督府殖民政策之密切關係。土木技師自台灣總督府退職後，活用其任官時期累績的專業成績與人脈關係，繼續活躍於日本國內官廳，或步入業界發揮其長才。此外，由於總督府並無培養臺灣本地的技師，造成戰後國民政府接收困難，不得不留用許多日籍技師、技手，才能熬過艱苦的過渡時期，呈顯出殖民地技術轉移的不良。

關鍵字

日治時期 ； 技術官僚 ； 技師 ； 技術轉移 ； 台灣總督府

並列摘要

The modernization experiences that Japan has undergone both in Meiji reform and Shokusan Kogyu become significant foundation for Japan Empire's colonial policy later. To spread these experience, those technocrats who were trained on Western modern science and technology played important roles. During the whole colonial period, however, the civil engineers administering the roads construction varied greatly in their backgrounds and qualities from time to time. In the Administrative Bureaucracy Leading Period (1895.5-1898.6), the civil engineers were not good at their profession and behaved not probably. Under such practices, corruption frequently happened. In the Technocrats Leading Period (1898.7-1924.12) when Nagao Hannpei took responsibility for the Civil Engineering Bureau, he replaced most of the officials with graduated student from the Tokyo Imperial University. From than on, this team of elite technocrats were in charge of the civil work in Taiwan for a while. In the Transformation of Transportation Policy Period(1924.12-1945), railways were no long the focus and road construction came into the spotlight instead. The Civil Engineering Bureau began to promote the newly-planned roads construction and actively engage the civil engineering experts in paving modern roads. These civil engineering works are so wide in range and magnificent in scale that they indicated imperial policy of Japan went hand in hand with the colonial policy in Taiwan. In fact , a great number of these civil engineers continued to serve the Government of Japan inland or private enterprises after their resignation from Taiwan. However, the General Governor of Taiwan did not train native technocrats that resulted in great difficulties for the takeover from the National Government after the Second World War. All the handicaps occurring in the takeover reflect the inefficient transfer of technology in the colonial period.

並列關鍵字

Japanese-ruled Period ； Technocrat ； Engineer ； the Transfer of Techniques ； the General Governor of Taiwan

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