焦點團體研究法在改善調查品質上的應用：以TEDS為例

在調查研究中，資料品質與調查執行過程有相當密切的關係，唯有正確的執行程序與方法，才能產生品質良好的資料，因而對執行過程採用組織化程序及系統性監控的機制，方能保障調查資料的品質。許多的證據顯示，訪員是調查研究中偏差的重要來源，訪員在執行訪問時可能的誤差來源，不僅來自於訪員本身的問題，還與執行程序中訪員訓練的成效、督導制度的實施、問卷內容的設計、行政管理的措施等有所關聯。而訪員的錯誤通常都是由不標準化的訪問程序而來，因此，加強訪員對於標準化程序的瞭解與貫徹，是減少訪員錯誤及增進研究品質的關鍵。本研究以焦點團體研究法，訪問實際執行TEDS2001與TEDS2004L訪問工作的訪員，以他們親身的經驗，評估訓練課程、問卷內容、相關行政措施及督導制度等執行程序的實施成效及提供建議，並發掘執行過程中的相關問題，提出可行之改進方法，對提高訪問效率及資料品質顯示將有所助益。

關鍵字

執行品質；訪員訓練；焦點團體；調查研究

並列摘要

In survey research, the survey administration process is closely related to the quality of the data collected. Only when proper administration procedures are followed can researchers be confident in the quality of their data. Consequently, organized and systematic monitoring of the interview process is critical to ensure data quality. A great deal of evidence suggests that survey interviewers are frequently a major source of survey bias, but many interviewer errors may originate from problems in the interview training programs, supervision, questionnaire design, or management of the survey rather than from the interviewers themselves. Therefore, emphasizing the importance of a standardized interview process should help reduce interviewer errors and improve data quality. The study described in this paper used focus groups to evaluate the administration of surveys. Interviewers who participated in the TEDS2001 and 2004L surveys were invited to draw upon their experiences to evaluate the survey process, including the effects of the training program, questionnaire design, supervision, and other aspects, and to describe problems they encountered and raise suggestions for improvements. This paper describes problems that arose in the administration of the survey and offers some possible solutions that might increase interview efficiency and improve the quality of survey data.