探索勞工健康信念與噪音暴露防護行為之關聯

Exploring Various Health Beliefs Concerning Hearing Loss and Noise Prevention Among Workers in Relation to their Personal protective behavior

黃郁凱(Yu-Kai Huang) ； 黃俊豪(Jiun-Hau Huang)

《台灣公共衛生雜誌》 30卷6期 (2011/12) Pp. 573-581

https://doi.org/10.6288/TJPH2011-30-06-07

摘要

目標：探索勞工是否會因為健康信念差異而對於噪音預防個人防護用具的使用有所不同。方法：利用問卷調查的方式，收集34位作業環境有噪音暴露且患有二級聽力損失的勞工做為研究對象，參考健康信念模式，分析勞工健康信念與噪音預防個人防護用具使用之關係。結果：勞工之健康信念中，噪音暴露預防行為的自覺障礙性較高者，其噪音預防個人防護用具的使用意願以及過往實際使用頻率顯著較低；噪音暴露預防行為之自我效能較高者，其使用意願以及過往實際使用頻率顯著較高。此外，因噪音暴露導致聽力損失的自覺嚴重性、噪音暴露預防行為的自覺利益性較高者，使用意願顯著較高。然而，接收資訊之行動線索與勞工過往實際使用頻率並無顯著相關。結論：勞工之健康信念及其對於噪音預防個人防護用具的使用意願有顯著關聯。未來若欲提升現行職業衛生安全教育效果，可參考本研究之結果，改變勞工的健康信念。（台灣衛誌2011；30（6）：573－581）

關鍵字

健康信念模式 ； 噪音 ； 聽力損失 ； 勞工

並列摘要

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to explore various health beliefs concerning hearing loss and noise prevention, and to examine the relationship of those beliefs with personal protective behavior. Methods: Based on the Health Belief Model as its theoretical framework, this study gathered information with a self-administered questionnaire from a total of 34 workers who had occupational noise exposure and hearing loss. Statistical analyses, including Fisher's exact test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and the chi-square test, were performed to examine the associations between workers' health beliefs and their personal protective behavior. Results: Perceived barriers were found to be associated with both decreased intention to adopt and decreased actual practice of personal protective behavior. By contrast, greater self-efficacy was associated with an increase in both the intention to adopt and the actual practice of personal protective behavior. Perceived benefits and perceived severity also increased the intention to adopt personal protective behavior; however, cues to action were not significantly associated with increased practice of personal protective behavior. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that workers' health beliefs regarding noise were significantly associated with their personal protective behavior. Accordingly, in order to improve the effectiveness of occupational health education, future programs about noise and hearing loss prevention should consider putting more emphasis on modifying related health beliefs among workers. (Taiwan J Public Health. 2011;30(6):573-581)

並列關鍵字

Health Belief Model ； noise ； hearing loss ； worker

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