本研究主要探討東南亞華人企業的經濟地位及其經營策略,並以馬來西亞華人企業為例進行探討,論述此區華人企業的經營模式,以及如何在當地的特殊經濟政策下立足與發展。透過分析華人企業的內外因素與發展模式,歸納出華人企業的經營模式與理念。 透過研究發現,華人企業的特色可有下列幾項,(一)不分所有權和經營權、(二)經營範圍以傳統農業、金融業、房地產為主,(三)注重人際關係網絡。 而華人企業受制於國家政策的強力控管,因此發展出不同的應對模式。本文以積極性應對與消極性應對兩個面向進行探討。積極應對方面,包括了(一)與馬來人共同進行阿里巴巴的合作模式、(二)與政府及外資保持緊密的關係,以及(三)維持家族制的企業特性。而消極應對方面則有(一)封閉性的經營方式,以及(二)限制馬來員工擔任要職等。 華人企業因起步晚於西方企業,故在資本、技術、管理上仍略遜一籌。此外,無論規模如何,華人企業仍須在本地國的環境下成長,因此受限於法規、資源等,也無法與國家級企業相提並論。但在東南亞經濟發展蓬勃之際,東南亞的華人企業,特別是馬來西亞的華人企業,在國際化與跨版圖的經營下,仍然在亞太地區,乃至於全球經濟圈中扮演著重要角色。
The study aims to investigate the economic status of South East Asian Chinese Enterprise and its unique operation strategies, especially in Chinese enterprise in Malaysia. Besides this, the study also tries to discuss how Chinese enterprise in Malaysia survived and succeed through different economy policies. Through the analysis of internal and external factors, and development model of Chinese enterprises, business models and its concepts could be summed up. Based on the research findings, Chinese enterprises have the following characteristics, 1) do not separate ownerships and management power of the enterprise, 2) business scopes are mainly traditional agriculture, finance, and land property, 3) emphasize on social networks. As Chinese enterprises are under strong control from the government policies, there are positive and negative responses made from the enterprises. From the positive aspects, there are 1) Chinese enterprises starts to deal with Malays and form Alibaba cooperation, 2) Having close relationships with the government and foreign capital, 3) Maintain family-controlled enterprises. In the negative aspects, there are 1) Closed operating methods, and 2) Restrict Malay workers to hold important positions in the Chinese enterprises. As Chinese enterprises start later than western enterprises, hence they might not have well performed in capital, technical and also management compared to western enterprises. Furthermore, regardless of the business scale, since Chinese enterprises have to grow in local country, thus they might still be restricted to some regulations and resources which could not be compared to the national level enterprises. However, the economic booming of Southeast Asia will also lead to growth of Chinese enterprises, including Chinese enterprises in Malaysia. As a result, Chinese enterprises of Southeast Asia still play an important role in global economy.