摘要
配子（精子與卵母細胞）以及性腺組織（卵巢與睪丸）之冷凍保存配合體外成熟、受精、核轉置、胚培養與移置等技術，於研究材料之提供、物種遺傳基因組之保存、育種速率之改進以及生物醫學研究等方面極具應用價值。雖然冷凍保存對數種實驗動物、家畜與人類著床前之胚已成功，但多數哺乳類卵母細胞之冷凍保存常因其對低溫之敏感性而仍有待改進，其中豬卵母細胞經冷凍、解凍後之存活、成熟與受精後之發育率均較其他物種者為低，至目前仍未有仔畜經此方式產出，且相關文獻亦不多。本文除將探討豬卵母細胞冷凍保存之相關研究與影響其成功率之因素，如卵母細胞之成熟階段、胞內脂質、低溫、冷凍保護劑與滲透壓及離子濃度等之外，亦將對經冷凍保存或體外操作之卵母細胞的評估方法，如形態鑑定、體外培養、染色及胚移置等做一介紹。期對往後豬卵母細胞冷凍保存之研究有所助益。
並列摘要
The development of cryopreservation of gametes (oocytes. spermatozoa) and gonadal tissues (ovarian and testicular tissues) accompanied with assisted reproductive techniques such as in vitro oocyte maturation, fertilization, nuclear transfer embryo culture and transfer can conveniently, not only provide a large amount of materials for biomedical research, but also preserve genetic information from different species and accelerate the breeding rate. Although cryopreservation of preimplantation embryos in the laboratory of both farm animals and humans has been successful, cryopreservation of oocytes from most mammalian species especially porcine oocytes, has been more challenging due to the extreme sensitivity of oocytes in low temperatures and stressors, or high lipid content in oocytes. There is little literature available about cryopreservation of porcine oocytes, and the oocyte survival and developmental rates after cooling are very low. The possible effects, such as maturation stages of oocyte, cryoprotectants, intracellular lipid, temperature, osmotic and solute damage, on the successful cryopreservation would be reviewed. In addition, methods used for evaluating various properties of oocytes, such as morphological changes, in vitro culture, vital staining and embryo transfer would be introduced. The final goal is to elucidate an optimal procedure in cryopreservation of porcine oocytes.
延伸閱讀
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