兩晉南北朝「救難型」觀音信仰之探究－以三種《觀世音應驗記》為討論中心

A Study of the Rescue Belief in Kuan-yin in Two Jins, Southern and Northern Dynasties :based on the Book Entitled Records of Kuan-yin’s Miraculous Responses and Its Two Sequels

林茗蓁(Ming-Chen Lin)

指導教授 ： 蔡學海

淡江大學/文學院/歷史學系碩士班/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2011.00100

摘要

當眾生遭遇各種苦難之時，只要稱念觀世音菩薩的名號，皆得解
脫。這是《普門品》中救難觀音最大的信仰特徵，它具有便捷性、
實用性、易成性，故是人們在實踐信仰中最方便的法門。
在兩晉南北朝戰爭頻仍，世道衰亂的時代，人民憂生怖死，使
得救苦救難的觀音信仰得到迅速的傳播，並且出現許多靈驗事蹟。
感念者收錄其事，幸而流傳後世的，有劉宋傅亮的《光世音應驗記》、
張演《續光世音應驗記》、南齊陸杲《繫觀世音應驗記》三書，後
世合稱為《觀世音應驗記三種》。
此三種《觀世音應驗記》生動體現了《普門品》在時代下的現
世應許，以及了解生活在嚴重的災難歷史背景下的民眾，對於救難
觀音信仰的救贖期盼。
經本文分析，這些災難大致可以分為四大類：一為自然災害，
二為社會災害，三為身體病痛，四為鬼怪災害，而以社會災害為最。
反映當時社會動亂的嚴重性，正與當時的歷史記錄相互吻合，反過
來看，亦可見此三書之所記錄，不全為怪異之譚，是為此三書所以
留傳之可貴處。

關鍵字

觀音信仰 ； 《觀世音應驗記》 ； 普門品 ； 救難觀音

並列摘要

When people encounter each kind of misery that could be saved, as long
as calling on the name of Kuan-shih-yin. This is the main belief
characteristic in”The Universal Gate of Bodhisattva Kanzeon ”, having
convenient, practical, and easy to do, is also the people in the practice
belief that the most convenient method.
During Two Jin's Southern and Northern Dynasties, the wars were happened
frequent, causing people worry about life being danger, that urged this belief
of Kuan-shih-yin popular. Therefore, many efficacious stories about the
rescue of Kuan-shih-yin were written, including Fu Liang's ”Records of
Guang-Shih-Yin's Miraculous Responses”, Zhang Yan's ”The Sequels Records of
Guangh-Shi-Yin's Miraculous Responses” in Liu Song Dynasty, and Lu Gao's ”The
Sequels Records of Kuan-Shih-Yin's Miraculous Responses” in Chi Dynasty of
Southern Dynasties. They are called The book entitled Records of Kuan-yin’s
Miraculous Responses and Its Two Sequels in descendant.
We can embody the promise of ”The Universal Gate of Bodhisattva Kanzeon ”
under the time, and understand the people that lived under serious social
disaster to be redeemed by the belief in Kuan-yin.
This paper analyzes these disasters can be sort for four kinds: natural、
man-made、ailing and specter, then The man-made was happened frequent to
influence people’s life. They reflect social phenomenon of Two Jin's Southern
and Northern Dynasties in historyiography. To prove the truth that The book
entitled Records of Kuan-yin’s Miraculous Responses and Its Two Sequels are
not only Recording specters, but also having important value.

並列關鍵字

The belief in Kuan-yin ； Records of Kuan-yin’s Miraculous Responses ； The Universal Gate of Bodhisattva Kanzeon ； The Rescue belief in Kuan-yin

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