平埔血源與臺灣國族血統論

Plains Indigenous Ancestors and Taiwan Blood Nationalism

陳叔倬(Shu-Juo Chen) ； 段洪坤(Hong-Kuan Duan)

《台灣社會研究季刊》 72期 (2008/12) Pp. 137-173

https://doi.org/10.29816/TARQSS.200812.0004

摘要

許多臺灣漢人相信一句諺語：「有唐山公、無唐山媽」，也就是早期渡海來臺的漢人祖先大多是男性（羅漢腳）而極少女性，只能與臺灣平埔族女性結婚。這句諺語引起「原住民基因迷思」的高漲，相信今日臺灣漢人是大陸漢人與臺灣平埔混血的後代，因此基因組成與大陸漢人不同。臺灣國族血統論者甚至主張臺灣應該藉此獨立，並積極尋找許多科學性的證據來證實。遺傳人類學是當今一般大眾相信最科學的工具之一，許多臺灣漢人與平埔族群的遺傳數據相繼出現，同時大部分的報導都指向臺灣漢人與原住民族有血源關係，加上臺灣漢人對血源的盲目崇拜，使得臺灣國族血統論的說法廣為流行。本文利用遺傳人類學進行純粹學理分析，重新分析過去的報導，證實所有已發表數據都不支持臺灣漢人與中國南方漢人的遺傳組成不同，因此以原住民血源作為國族建構的假設存在著根本性的錯誤。另一方面，血統論的母族後代－平埔後裔對以自身血源推動獨立建國的說法，抱持著強烈反對的態度，更讓臺灣國族血統論站不住腳。本文最後更指出個人遺傳血源無法完整的追溯，因此所有連結認同至遺傳血源的嘗試目前都沒有理論依據。

關鍵字

平埔族 ； 血統 ； 臺灣獨立 ； 遺傳學 ； 原住民族

並列摘要

The history of admixture among Taiwanese Han and Taiwan plains indigenes holds a great deal of interest for people in Taiwan. In accordance with the old folk saying, ”there were mainland grandfathers but no mainland grandmothers,” many Taiwanese Han believe the early Han male settlers mated exclusively with early plains indigenous females, and that today's Taiwanese Han is a hybrid population genetically different from Chinese Han. While genetic studies reveal genetic dissimilarity between mountain indigenous peoples and general Taiwanese Han, some scholars and journalists perverted the genetic studies and misled people in Taiwan into believing the opposite. The ”myth of indigenous genes” that the majority of people in Taiwan have indigenous genes is widely accepted, and some Taiwan nationalists have called for independence from China based on this idea. However, the facts are that the genetic studies have never supported the idea that Taiwanese Han are genetically different with Chinese Han. Moreover, the descendants of plains indigenes are extremely opposed to the attempts in using their ancestors to call for Taiwan independence. In the end we prove that the genetic ancestors of individuals cannot be traced with certainty, therefore the attempt to construct the identity through genetic ancestors is theoretically meaningless.

並列關鍵字

plains indigenes ； blood ； Taiwan nationalism ； genetics ； Taiwan indigenous peoples

參考文獻

段洪坤、陳叔倬(2008)。平埔原住民血源認定與文化認定的發展評析。台灣原住民族研究季刊。1，169-188。

陳叔倬、段洪坤(2007)。西拉雅族成爲縣定原住民族的過程及其影響。政治大學民族學報。25，145-166。

Anderson, Benedict(1983).Imagined Communities: Reflection on the Origins and Spread of Nationalisin.New York:Verso.

Barth, F. (Ed.)(1969).Ethnic Groups and Boundaries.London:George Allen & Unwin.

Benedict PK(1984).Anstro-Tai Parallel, A Tonal Chamic Language on Hainan.Computational Analyses of Asian and African Languages.22,83-86.