由於刑法第275條之規定,被害人同意效力無法完整及於所謂生命法益。本文試圖透過Michel Foucault之權力理論來分析解釋為何同意理論存在此一例外。前半部分將著重在描繪出相關史料、法規與判決之輪廓,以及爬梳出學說實務對於同意理論與加工自殺罪處罰基礎之觀點;後半部分則是先援用法釋義學領域以外之視角、對於前述考察之素材進行分析;再以此論述為基礎,嘗試回到法釋義學領域內提出反思與再建構。 透過考察安樂死概念之分類、歐陸自殺脈絡、現代國家刑事管制概況以及回顧法學文獻與判決內容,可以發現不論在事實或理論層面皆存在Foucault視角下死亡權力與生命權力之交織運作現象、亦即此係對於生命之治理;而人的圖像、主體等概念也在此類權力運作之過程中被生成與形塑。 在此論點下,與其將自殺除罪化歸因於啟蒙與人道思想,不如說是由於當時之政經脈絡已經改變、藉以促成新型態之治理模式。而安樂死(有條件除罪化)概念亦同,表面上看似是個人自主(自我決定)之揚升,在此脈絡下毋寧係更深層、隱微與不可視之權力運作。 面對此類對於生命日益細緻的區分與治理,本文在最後將嘗試提出可能的對抗策略。一方面,針對自殺刑法評價部分,試圖以Foucault自我倫理之形塑為論據基點;另一方面,就加工自殺罪處罰基礎部分,既然區分為必然,那麼採取使區分空泛化、弱化權力對於生命之治理此一徑路或許是可能的方向。
The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate the phenomenon and explain the reason of the limit on the victim’s right to dispose of life from the perspective of Foucauldian theory of power. First of all, this thesis analyzes the history, rules, and court judgments. Secondly, reviewing the law practice and theory of these issues. Thirdly, analyzing these issues from the perspective out of the criminal area. Finally, trying to provide some solutions to this dilemma. Through examining the classification of euthanasia, the context of European suicide, and the criminal regulation of modern states, as well as reviewing scholarly papers and judicial judgments, this thesis discovers the existence of the operation of power of death and bio-power from the perspective of Michel Foucault; In other words, the existence of the governance of life. Moreover, ideas such as the image of human and subject are created and shaped through these processes. From this viewpoint, instead of contributing to enlightenment and humanism, decriminalization of suicide is rather a new form of the governance, deriving from the change of politic and economic context at the time. In fact, euthanasia (i.e. conditional decriminalization) shares the same situation, which relates to the more invisible operation of power, rather than simply the triumph of individual autonomy. Last of all, for the sake of resisting to and liberating from these more and more precise distinction and governance, this thesis try to seek some possible solutions such as abolishing Article 275 of the Criminal Code.