開放空間設施物對等待行為的影響

國內對於環境行為模式之探討多以「觀察」的方法，「直觀」的推論研究為主，缺乏客觀的科學實驗論證。而其相關的環境行為學資料又多從歐美或日本等國研究翻譯為主，其適用性有待商榷。本研究旨在探討戶外開放空間中，設施物對於受試者產生的心理評價，及其對受試者在該種空間場景中選擇等待地點時的影響程度。首先建立虛擬的空間場景作為問卷中的照片，依據受試者觀看照片後的回答，採用統計方式分析，探究開放空間中設施物對使用者等待行為的影響。研究結果指出(一)依問卷調查結果，等待的空間中以「遮陽」、「休息」及「安全感」為最主要的需求。(二)影響使用者對於等待空間之主要因素為「豐富感」、「愉悅感」與「開放感」，有大型喬木的空間場景在「豐富感」與「愉悅感」中得分最高，是最受人歡迎的空間設施物。 (三) 在單一堵牆面時，牆面高度對於使用者選擇停留的區位有顯著的影響，而牆面寬度、牆面高度與寬度間交互效果則無顯著的影響。在兩堵牆的情況下，兩堵牆各自的高度、寬度皆會顯著的影響受試者選擇停留的區位，而兩堵牆間的交互效果也會顯著的影響受試者選擇停留的區位。(四)有陰影的牆面前面空間較無陰影的牆面前面空間，更容易吸引人們駐足等候，其影響的因素為陰影的面積。因此，「陰影」是為影響國人在選擇等待空間的主要因素，這點與歐美等國外觀察到人們喜歡坐在陽光下的情形不同。 (五)若排除陰影的影響，受試者選擇座椅的人數高於選擇牆面的人數，顯示在等待時坐下休息的需求大於安全感的需求。根據本研究之分析結果，建議若需在開放空間中塑造一個良好的等待空間時，首先須考慮配置具有陰影的設施物，其次為座椅與可靠背的設施物。此外，倘若考慮環境心理的偏好時，開放空間中則須加強植栽的種植。

關鍵字

設施物；開放空間；停留；陰影

並列摘要

Home discussion on the pattern of environmental behavior is mostly by the method of “observation,” one of which as the primary research is “direct-observation.” However, this kind of observation lacks the support of objective scientific experiment, and the associated research papers are mainly translated from Europe, America, or Japan, which make the adaptability questioned. The purpose of my research is to discuss how facility in the open space effects on users psychologically and their options of waiting location. To begin with, I created a virtual space as the picture in my questionnaire for those participants to view and answer. I adopted statistical analysis to study the effect of facility in the open space on the waiting behavior of users. My findings in the questionnaire are as follows: 1.“Sunshade,” “rest,” and “a sense of security” is the main demand in the waiting space. 2.“Diversification,” “a sense of joy,” and “openness” is the key factor to effect users in the waiting space. Surrounding big trees got the highest score and are the most popular facility in the open space by creating “diversification” and “a sense of joy.” 3.If there’s only one wall, the tallness of wall has significant effect on the area where users choose to stay, but the width of wall, and the interactive effect of tallness and width of wall is not so important. However, if there are two walls, the tallness and width of each wall has significant effect on the area where users choose to stay, so is the interactive effect on the two walls. 4.It’s more attractive to users if there’s shadow in the space in front of the walls. The size of shadow area is important. Therefore, unlike western people who like to sit in the sun, “shadow” is the key factor affecting home users to choose an area to stay. 5.If we rule out the effect of shadow the walls provide, users choose to sit while waiting than standing. This means to sit down to wait is more demanded than a sense of security. Basing on the findings in my research, I suggest we should firstly consider the allocation of facility with sunshade, and secondly the facility like benches or something people can lean against if we need to build a good waiting area in an open space. Moreover, if we also consider the preference of environmental psychology, we should grow more green planets in open spaces.