我的孩子為什麼不說越南話？
－從生態系統論探究影響越南籍新住民子女母語學習動機的因素

在多元文化意識抬頭與新住民子女人口在台灣比例日漸升高的情況下，新住民的母語傳承也成為新興的議題之一，但在諸多研究中，卻並未深入探究這些新住民孩子的母語學習意願。母親是孩子成長過程中最重要的教導者與情感互動對象，但對於受訪的越南籍新住民孩子來說，要聽、說母親的族語卻令他們深感不自在。由於新住民孩子所處的文化背景較複雜於雙親皆為台灣人的孩子，因此本研究以Bronfenbrenner的生態系統論來做主要的理論基礎，分析跟孩子的語言發展有關連的各系統，並從中探究出影響越南籍新住民子女不願意學習母語的影響因素有：主要語言學習弱化越南母語地位、語言認知建構與互動的缺乏、相互削弱的母語態度、社會化後的認同因素、淡薄的融合性動機、低價的語言工具性以及被喚醒的被歧視意識。但值得注意的是，孩子的母語學習生態系統是一連串動態的影響過程，因此，在這份研究中所歸納的結論並非孩子母語學習與動機的最終結果，一切仍須專注未來各系統間的發展、互動與影響而定。

關鍵字

新住民子女；多元文化；母語學習；語言學習動機；生態系統論

並列摘要

Mother tongue learning of children of immigrants has become one of the popular issues due to the awakening of multiculture and the rising population of children of immigrant in Taiwan. Among the related researches, however, there is few aimed at exploring their learning willingness. Mother is the most important instructor and affection exchanger in children’s growing process. However, for those interviewed children of Vietnamese immigrants, it is uneasy to listen and to speak their mother’s dialect. Due to different cultural backgrounds between children of immigrant and Taiwanese children, this study is aimed at, on the basis of Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological System theory, analyzing the related language learning of children, and to investigate factors which influence children of Vietnamese immigrants on mother tongue learning. Factors affecting children to learn Vietnamese include low status of Vietnamese compare to other major languages in Taiwan, such as Mandarin, lack of social interaction in the process of cognitive construction, weakening learning attitude between parents and children, identification of socialization, low integrative motivation, low instrumental utilization, and the awakening of being discriminated. It is noteworthy that language learning is a series of dynamic interaction. Therefore, results acquired from this study are not the final conclusion for children’s mother tongue learning. Further interaction and influence among systems will ultimately influence the future destiny of Vietnamese learning among the children of immigrants in Taiwan.