成功創業因素與台灣經濟成長軌跡
:以四個台灣個案為例

依據行政院統計處100年工商普查分析，台灣企業經營5年、10年、15年及20年以上存活率比95年分別提升3.97個、7.29個、3.96個及3.84個百分點，而工業、製造業存活率皆高於服務業，且企業經營穩定性較高，製造業經營5年、10年及15年以上存活率最高，20年以上存活率則以營造業最佳。根據瑞士洛桑國際管理學院（IMD）在2012年的《IMD世界競爭力年報》（2012 IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook ）顯示，台灣在59個受評的國家中，創業家精神位居第一，在台灣沒有豐富自然資源，國內市場又小的國家中，台灣中小企業有136萬家(經濟部中小企業處2104中小企業白皮書)，而這些中小企業是撐起台灣的GDP也是台灣在國際市場中的核心競爭力，有許許多多的隱藏冠軍，占全球全世界某產品或某零件數一數二的地位，而企業能成功創業並成功的存活下來，其背後一定有成功的因素。利用資料蒐集與篩選其資料來源包括行政院主計處國勢普查處，民國85年起至100年每5年工商及服務業普查資料，來了解中小企創創業之行業別及產業結構、行業消長狀況，利用政府資料開放平台及經濟部資料得知台灣經濟發展的軌跡以利做世代的區隔，在這世代中，各找一家成功創業的企業做深入訪談個案研究。研究那世代創業的企業家他們的創業動機及背景，並研究他們成功創業的因素。本研究目的是透過企業個案訪談，探討及研究方向的是： 1. 創業動機與時代環境背景。 2. 創業者成功創業因素。 3. 創業者當初在創業時有無做創業計畫書或策略規劃，創業後企業營運模式及策略。 4. 政府政策對企業有無幫助其依存度高低。

關鍵字

創業；台灣經濟成長軌跡；創業動機；成功創業因素

並列摘要

According to Business & Industry survey analysis conducted by Department of Statistics, Ministry of Interior - in 2011, the retentions of Taiwan enterprises which have run for 5 years; 10 years; 15 years and 20 years increased 3.97%; 7.29%; 3.96% and 3.84% respectively compared to those in 2006. Furthermore, not only did the statistics reveal the retention from both mechanical industry and manufacturing industry are higher than that of service industry, it also showed that mechanical industry and manufacturing industry had higher stability than that of service industry. Based on the statistics, the highest business survival rates in manufacturing goes to those have run their business units for 5 years, 10 years and 15 years; construction enterprises which have run for more than 20 years have the best business survival rates. Moreover, as stated by 2012 IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook from IMD, among 59 evaluated nations, Taiwan was first with Entrepreneurial Spirit. Although Taiwan is a country with limited natural resources and domestic demand market, it has 1.63 millions of small & medium enterprises – on the report of 2014 White Paper released from Small & Medium Enterprise Administration, Ministry of Economic Affairs. These small & medium enterprises are always the keystone supporting Taiwan GDP and the core competence of Taiwan in global market. For instance, if you look further into compartment industry or a certain product in global market, you can always find a Taiwan enterprise in the top or second place. Thus, there ought to be some main reasons explaining how these entrepreneurs are able to establish a business and run it successfully in a competitive environment. In order to uncover and analyze the successful factors in these enterprises, data and resources are firstly collected from Bureau of INDUSTRY, COMMERCE AND SERVICE CENSUS then screened. The framework of this research is planned as follow: 1) industry, commerce and service census between 1996 and 2011 is conducted; 2) the data are separated by every 5 year frame; 3) analyzing the data in order to understand industrial classification and the structure of Taiwan small & medium enterprises as well as their business growing and declining situation; 4) Making good use of data related to the trance of Taiwan economic growth in which collecting from government open forums and Ministry of Economic Affairs as a segmentation of each generation; 5) selecting one successful enterprise from different industries to carry out an interview so as to study further about the entrepreneurs’ motivation, background and find out the insight of their successfulness. The purpose of this research is through interviewing each enterprise individual to have a further discussion of the following issues: 1. Entrepreneurial motivation and time background from interviewed entrepreneurs 2. Successful Entrepreneurial factors from interviewed entrepreneurs 3. Whether these entrepreneurs all had a strategical blueprint or a business plan before starting a business as well as a corporation operating model & strategy after started a business. 4. If these entrepreneurs felt a practical sense of assistance from the Government when they established a business.