北部地區微型創業鳳凰貸款成功案例之探討:社會資本觀點

A Study on Success Cases of Micro-Business Start-up Phoenix Program in Northern Taiwan：Perspectives of Social Capital

葉翠蘭(Yeah,Tsui-Lane)

指導教授 ： 周育仁

共同指導教授 ： 蔡文賢

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/公共行政暨政策學系/碩士(2013年)

摘要

近年來由於全球經濟危機導致失業率攀升及新貧窮現象，在工業化國家，勞動參與通常是影響個人社會融入的核心。微型創業與微型貸款屬於積極勞動市場政策之一環，首創以微型貸款協助窮人改善經濟生活、重返主流社會的「鄉村銀行」（Grameen Bank）；並榮獲2006年諾貝爾和平獎肯定的孟加拉經濟學教授Muharnmad Yunus認為，貸款最大的目的在創造自我就業，並努力建立人力資本與社會資本。檢視我國相關微型貸款計畫之目的亦深具建立社會資本之政策意涵，因此本研究欲以建立社會資本之觀點，探討我國政府之微型貸款措施於協助個人形成及累積社會資本並促進其社會納入之情形。
本研究之主要目的為：（一）探討弱勢婦女及中高齡失業者透過微型貸款提升其掌控與自我效能感及促進社會納入之經驗。（二）探討弱勢婦女及中高齡失業者透過微型貸款增進其社會參與並促進社會納入之經驗。（三）探討微型貸款增加個人與社會之信任、互惠及凝聚力及促進社會納入之情形。（四）探討微型貸款增進個人社會互動與社會網絡關係及促進社會納入之情形。

研究發現微型貸款及創業活動有助於弱勢婦女及中高齡失業者自我效能之提升、增加社會互動及社會參與，進而減少社會排除並促進社會納入，此外微型貸款及微型創業以「信任」為核心價值，有助於建立社會信任、互惠合作及社會凝聚力，但社會資本是否能帶來正面效益，尚須同時考量其功能性及發生作用階段。

關鍵詞：微型貸款、社會排除、社會納入、社會資本

關鍵字

微型貸款 ； 社會排除 ； 社會納入 ； 社會資本

並列摘要

In recent years, due to the rising unemployment rate and new poverty phenomenon result from world economic crisis, labor participation is generally the core of affecting individuals to integrate into society in an industrialized country. Micro businesses and loans belong to the positive labor market policy, The 2006 Nobel Peace Price winner, Bengal economics professor Muharnmad Yunus, who has created Grameen Bank to assist poor people to improve their economic life and return back to mainstream society by micro loan, thinks that the largest purpose of loan is to create self-employment, and try to establish human and social capital. The purposes of relevant micro loan plan in Taiwan also contain the policy implication of establishing social capital, thus based on the viewpoint of social capital establishment, this study ties to explore the micro loan measures of Taiwan government in assisting individuals, accumulating social capitals and promoting it to bring into society.
The main purposes of this study is first to explore the experiences of improving mastery and self-efficacy of vulnerable women, middle aged and elderly unemployed as well as promoting them to bring into society through micro loan. Secondly, this study tries to explore the experience of improving social participation of the aforesaid people as well as promoting them to bring into society through micro loan. Thirdly, this study tries to explore the increase of trust, mutual-benefit and cohesion between individual and society as well as promoting them to bring into society through micro loan. Fourthly, this study tries to explore the enhancement of social interaction and network relationship of individuals as well as promoting them to bring into society through micro loan.
This study finds that micro loan and entrepreneurial activity facilitates to improve the self-efficacy, increase social interaction and participation of vulnerable women, middle aged and elderly unemployed, so as to reduce social exclusion and promote them to bring into society. In addition, trust is the core value of micro loan and business, which helps to establish social trust, mutual-benefit cooperation and social cohesion, but whether social capital will bring positive benefit depends on its functionality and stage of occurrence and functioning at the same time.

並列關鍵字

Micro Credit ； social exclusion ； social inclusion ； Social Capital

參考文獻

張文榮、廖述賢，2007，＜創新管理技術與應用：1996-2005的十年文獻回顧＞，《創業管理研究》，第二卷第四期：頁143-176。

朱沛，2007，＜創業現象的分類與特殊類型創業理論的發展＞，《創業管理研究》，第二

余赴禮、陳善瑜，2007，＜企業家之主觀詮釋與市場協調理論＞，《創業管理研究》，第

李政、趙都敏，2007，＜經濟學中的創業研究︰一個歷史性的回顧＞，《創業管理研究》,

蔡敦浩,、利尚仁,、林韶怡，2007，＜複雜性科學典範下的創業研究＞，《創業管理研究》,