台灣華語新興變異對台灣話ê影響－對少年人ê／iN／變異看起

The Influences of Taiwan Mandarin Innovative Variations on Taiwanese - From Young People's /iN/ Variation

許慧如(Hui-Lu KHOO)

《台語研究》 10卷2期 (2018/09) Pp. 34-55

https://doi.org/10.6621/JTV.201809_10(2).0002

摘要

本研究分析112位少年台華雙語人台華雙語ê語料，欲探討台灣話kap台灣華語ê／iN／變異，嘛欲了解台灣話ê／iN／變異敢有受著台灣華語ê影響。研究結果顯示，佇發音上，台灣話kap華語ê／in／攏無穩定，往／iŋ／合併ê趨勢真明顯，其中，台北比南部較明顯，女性比男性較明顯。比較起來，／iŋ／就加真穩定。台灣話ê／in／變異可能有受著台灣華語ê影響，尤其是台北。台北ê發音人，佇台灣話表現出來ê／in／變異ê情形，kap台灣華語ê表現差無濟。另外，kap華語ê聲母聲調表現攏仝款ê台灣話／in／韻字，往／iŋ／合併ê趨勢比相仝程度無遮明顯ê字較明顯。少年人ê台灣話／im／韻，除了過去受著注意ê／im／→／in／以外，這馬閣出現／im／→／iŋ／ê發展，這个新變異嘛會當看出／iŋ／咧／iN／韻裡面是較強勢ê地位。另外，這个／im／→／iŋ／ê變異，台北ê表現比南部較明顯。另外，佇／iN／聽辨ê部分，本研究採用Coach Test。結果發現，無論是台灣話抑是華語，變異ê程度攏比華語閣較大。會當講大部ê／iN／攏無予人正確聽出來。也就是講，台灣話kap台灣華語ê／iN／韻，攏有可能會變成近似合併（near merger）。

關鍵字

台語 ； 台灣話 ； 台灣華語 ； 語音變異 ； 語音合併

並列摘要

This study analyzed the production and perception data of 112 Taiwanese/Mandarin young bilinguals. It surveyed the latest status of the /iN/ variation of Taiwanese and Taiwan Mandarin and further explored Taiwan Mandarin's influences, if there are any, on Tai-gi /iN/ variation. The results showed that at production level, /in/ variation is ongoing in both Taiwanese and Taiwan Mandarin. /in/ saliently merged to /iŋ/ in both languages with Taipei being more salient than the South and female being more salient than male. On the other hand, /iŋ/ remains rather stable. It is surmised that current performance of Taiwanese /in/ variation is possibly influenced by Taiwan Mandarin /in/ variation, particularly in Taipei, where the speakers performed the /in/ variation in similar manners in both Taiwanese and Taiwan Mandarin. Furthermore, the Taiwanese /in/ words that phonologically overlap with their Mandarin counterparts are more likely to perform the /in/ → / iŋ/ merger. On the other hand, Taiwanese /im/, in addition to the frequently reported / im/→/in/ merger, is undergoing a new variation, /im/→ /iŋ/, further marking the leading status of /iŋ/ in Taiwanese /iN/ production. As to the /iN/ perception test, the study adopted Coach Test as the major methodology. The results indicated that /iN/ perception is more unstable than its production, in both Taiwanese and Mandairn. Most participants had difficulty in judgement. It is suggested that the variants of /iN/ rhyme in both Taigi and Mandarin are likely to develop into near merger.

並列關鍵字

Taigi ； Taiwanese ； Taiwan Mandarin ； language variation ； coach test

參考文獻

Chen, Chung-yu(1991).The nasal endings and retroflexed initials in Peking Mandarin: Instability and the trend of changes.Journal of Chinese Linguistics.19,139-155.

Fon, Janice,Hung, Jui-mei,Huang, Yi-hsuan,Hsu, Hui-ju(2011).Dialectal Variations on Syllable-final Nasal Mergers in Taiwan Mandarin.Language and Linguistics.12(2),273-311.

Hsu, Hui-ju,Tse, John Kwock-Ping(2007).Syllable-final nasal mergers in Taiwan Mandarin.Concentric: Studies in Linguistics.33(1),1-18.

Kubler, Cornelius C.(1985).The influence of Southern Min on the Mandarin of Taiwan.Anthropological Linguistics.27(2),156-176.

Labov, William(1972).Sociolinguistic Patterns.Philadelphia:University of Pennsylvania Press.