漢語的動詞組刪略-以微言主義分析

VP Ellipsis in Mandarin Chinese: A Minimalist Approach

蘇政傑(Cheng-Chieh Su)

指導教授 ： 蔡維天

國立清華大學/人文社會學院/語言學研究所/碩士(2006年)

摘要

摘要
本文討論漢語的動詞組刪略結構，並以微言主義(Minimalism)的精神加以分析。在前人的研究基礎上，本文提出漢語有四種句法結構(也是、也有、沒有、情態助動詞)包含了動詞組刪略。漢語的動詞組刪略是以焦點為基礎的架構下分析。其中焦點詞組(Focus Phrase)之上尚有主題詞組(Topic Phrase)，而其下則下轄刪略的動詞組或其他的功能詞組。刪略子句中的主語事實上是帶有焦點成份的主題，而動詞前的副詞(也、沒)則是出現在焦點詞組指示語位置的焦點成份。依據微言主義(Minimalism)的精神，在特徵檢驗的機制(feature-checking mechanism)下分析，刪略子句中的主語即是檢驗主題特徵，而動詞前的副詞則是檢驗焦點特徵。針對刪略詞組的語意信息要求，本文提出的動詞組刪略結構可以滿足刪略給予條件(e-Givenness Condition)。
本文進一步的主張，儘管漢語呈現“有”的用法看似具有低於詞組層次的刪略現象，事實上刪略的層次仍然具有詞組的句法地位。此外，雖然漢語的從屬結構沒有明顯的刪略屬性，本文認為部分的從屬結構的確牽涉了動詞組刪略。英語的動詞組刪略結構傾向是句法上的限制，而漢語則傾向是句法與語意上的限制。尾末由跨語言的研究上觀察，在非動詞提升至時態(no V to T)的語言當中，漢語在動詞組刪略結構上與英語一致，在空賓語結構(Null Object Construction)上則是與日語以及韓語相同。

關鍵字

漢語 ； 動詞組刪略 ； 微言主義 ； 焦點詞組 ； 主題詞組 ； 刪略給予條件

並列摘要

Abstract
The thesis aims to study Chinese VP ellipsis construction under a Minimalist Approach. It is proposed that there are four constructions relating to VP ellipsis in Chinese, i.e. ye-shi, ye-you, mei-you, and modal. The constructions involving VP ellipsis can be captured under a hypothesis in which a Focus Phrase, dominated by a Topic Phrase, immediately dominates the elided VP or other functional projection. Subject in the target clause is in fact a focus topic while preverbal adverbials like ye and mei locate the specifier of FP with respect to their focus nature in Chinese. Under the feature-checking mechanism, the subject and the focus element are merged to eliminate the [Topic] and [Focus] feature. Within the previously known requirement
that elided phrases express semantically entailment information, the proposed VP ellipsis constructions satisfy the e-Givenness Condition.
It emerges from the thesis that rejecting that presentational use of you construes a lower ellipsis site (v’ or V’) it is suggested that what elided in the case be a phrasal level. Although Chinese subordinate structures seem to be blurred in its ellipsis nature, some of which are subject to VP ellipsis construction. From a cross-linguistic investigation, it is further suggested that in languages with no V to T movement, Chinese has VP ellipsis on a par with English on the one hand, and patterns together with Japanese and Korean on having Null Object Construction on the other.

並列關鍵字

Mandarin Chinese ； VP Ellipsis ； Minimalism ； Focus Phrase ； Topic Phrase ； e-Givenness

參考文獻

Lin, Jowang, & Jane Tang. (1995) “Modals as Verbs in Chinese: A GB Perspective,”

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Zagona, Karen (1982) Government and Proper Government of Verbal Projections.,

Zhang Niina (2000) Object shift in Mandarin Chinese. Journal of Chinese Linguistics