小型企業的經營與性別分工－以五分埔成衣業社區爲案例的分析

Sexual Division of Labor and Production Organization in Wufenpu's Small-Scale Industries

李悅端(Yeueh-Tuan Li) ； 柯志明(Chih-Ming Ka)

《台灣社會研究季刊》 17期 (1994/07) Pp. 41-81

https://doi.org/10.29816/TARQSS.199407.0002

摘要

本文藉由五分埔成衣業社區的個案研究探討臺灣小型企業內部運作的機制及其社會生產關係。作者主要關切的是一般相關研究中常被忽略的「無薪家屬工作者」，尤其是老闆娘（「頭家娘」），在生產和經營上的角色。文章指出，「家戶」和「企業」的結合提供小型企業賴以存續的重要社會經濟資源，不只將生活領域的資源運用在生產上，更促使受親屬紐帶綁縛的家戶成員在「自我剝削」的生產方式下提供無酬（或低酬）的勞力及管理人員，因而得以因應市場競爭的壓力及經濟困境。小型企業透過家庭意識型態作爲凝聚家庭成員的動力，家長賴以掌控家戶的勞力（已婚婦女和子女）和經濟資源。家庭企業內部的工作安排實質上延續了傳統的家戶性別分工，並維繫了既存的性別層級體系。

關鍵字

小型企業 ； 性別分工 ； 無薪家屬工作者

並列摘要

This article analyzes the production organization and unwaged domestic labor in Wufenpu garment industries in order to shed light on the dyanmics of Taiwain's small-scale industry as well as the unequal sexual divison of labor within it. We explores the unique economic mechanisms of Wufenpu's small- scale family enterprises in terms of ⑴ the reduction of overhead cost through using family resource and living space, as well as ⑵ the ”self-exploitation (Chayanov)” of family members, that contributes to the low-cost labor as well as managerial manpower. In the transformation of production organization from petty (or simple) commdity production, using family members as the major source of labor, toward labor-hiring production combined with subcontracting, female family members in Wufenpu's garment industries are promoted from worker to manager position. This subsequently leads to a restructuring of existing sexual division of labor within family. The role of female family member, especially boss wife (lao-ban-niang), as a multifunctional manager and supplementary worker is highlighted to explain not only the dynamics of small-scale industry, but also a new form of female subordination.

並列關鍵字

small-scale enterprise ； sexual division of labor ； unwaged domestic labor