台灣地區營養及衛生問題之探討－第一報：市售便當衛生、安全、包裝及營養之調查研究

Studies on Some Problems of Nutrition and Sanitation in Taiwan Area-I: A Study on the Sanitation, Safety, Packaging and Nutritional Content of Commercial Lunch Boxes

李寧遠(Ning-Yuean Lee) ； 蔣見美(Jean-May Tsiang)

《中華民國營養學會雜誌》 7卷1&2期 (1982/09) Pp. 15-28

https://doi.org/10.6691/JCNS.198209_7(1_2).0002

摘要

為了保障全民健康，進行本調查研究，對象為台北市、台北縣之市售便當，隨意採樣121件進行一般微生物檢驗，其項目包括總生菌數、大腸菌屬細菌、沙門氏桿菌等，發現便當菜不合衛生標準佔85.1%，便當飯不合衛生標準佔74.2%，微生物來源主要為用手接觸食物而來，但以實驗室同仁自帶便當作為對照則均合格。非法防腐劑抽驗水揚酸及硼酸兩種，發現一件便當飯有硼酸陽性反應，水揚酸則沒有發現。包裝材料以保麗龍(PS)者最多占70.2%，其次依次為飯用保麗龍(PS)及菜用透明之聚氣乙烯(PVC)，鋁箔紙盒，聚氯乙烯(PVC)等，而以保麗龍之保溫效果最佳。加熱對市售便當殺菌效果以83℃以上2小時及微波烤箱處理3分鐘均有相當良好之效果。市售便當營養大都欠均衡尤以維生素A及C缺乏最嚴重，維生素B1、B2則部分不足，菜式因都欠缺蔬菜故建議附上水果，礦物質則鈣質、鐵質不足，熱量大部分對女子來說足夠，對男子則不足，以成分大小兩種餐盒出售為佳。最後並對政府及市售便當業者提出若干建議。

並列摘要

Commercial lunch boxes have become a popular lunch source for the working population in Taiwan because of its availability, convenience and generally low cost. A total of 121 commercial lunch boxes randomly purchased from the Great Taipei Area were examined. The total cell count, coliform bacteria and salmonellae were measured and compared with the national sanitation standards. The results showed that 74.2% of the rice in the lunch boxes sampled and 85.1% of the content excluding the rice in the lunch boxes failed to meet the national sanitation standards. Only one sample of rice showed positive reaction of boric acid yet no salicylic acid was found. The polystyrene lunch boxes, which have the best heat protecting quality, account for 70.2% of the total samples. Heating at the temperature over 83℃ for 2hrs in the conventional electric oven or in the microwave oven for 3 min was effective in killing the bacteria. The nutrient content, calculated from the commercial lunch boxes, indicated that the vitamins A,B1, B2, C and the minerals, iron and calcium, were generally low. The energy content of most lunch boxes was enough for female but not enough for male adults using 2/5 RDNA (Recommended Daily Nutrient Allowances) as the standards. Practical suggestions on sanitation, management, packaging and nutrition were made.

並列關鍵字

Survey ； Commercial lunch boxes ； Sanitation ； Packaging