細水霧設備應用於建築物室內停車空間火災防護可行性研究

Applicability Evaluation of Water Mist System on Fire Protection of the Interior Parking Space

何明錦(M. C. Ho) ； 王天志(T. C. Wang) ； 謝煒東(W. D. Hsieh)

《建築學報》 74_S期 (2010/12) Pp. 73-88

https://doi.org/10.6377/JA.201012.0009

摘要

本研究主要以室內停車空間常見之機械式停車格作爲模擬對象，於內政部建築研究所（以下簡稱建研所）防火實驗中心建置一實驗環境，進行車輛空燒與滅火實驗，借此探討停車空間火災危害與防護，以及細水霧設備應用於室內停車空間火災防護的可行性。實驗採用一具有頂蓋且四周無牆面拘束之框架用以模擬機械式停車格，分別採用泡沫噴頭與泡沫噴頭相同配置位置之細水霧噴頭進行滅火研究。本研究結果指出，無滅火系統作用下，車輛空燒危害度極大。以泡沫系統滅火，可在泡沫作動後有效抑制火勢，但就本研究之泡沫配置，泡沫並無法進入車室內撲滅火源，因此僅有壓制火勢之作用。細水霧使用水量甚小於泡沫系統，若參照泡沫噴頭配置方式配置細水霧噴頭，因包覆性不佳，無法有效阻隔氧氣與降溫，故無法達到火勢抑制功能，僅對週邊環境有降溫效果。由此可知，對於開放式停車空間內之遮蔽性火災，於滅火設計考量上，需設法讓滅火劑直達火源才有滅火機會。細水霧系統由於其水量小，需要較封閉或者正對火源才有滅火機會，因此本研究所使用之噴頭不建議應用於空間寬闊之開放式室內停車場空間，商用細水霧系統應用於室內停車空間限制應更謹慎評估。

關鍵字

細水霧 ； 泡沫滅火 ； 車輛火災 ； 機械式停車格 ； 性能測試

並列摘要

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the applicability of water mist system on the interior parking space, especially for the mechanical parking device. In this research, we conducted the real scale fire test in vehilce and vehicle fire suppression by foam system and by water mist system were both performed for the evaluation here. A steel frame structure with top covered by iron plate was used to simulate a mechanical parking unit. In addition, foam system and water mist system were used separately for us in this experiment to further discuss their fire extinguishing capabilities respectively. Our research results show the evidence that a vehicle fire is dangerous without a proper fire extinguishing system. For example, in our experiment, we found that the vehicle fire can only be suppressed by using foam system because the foam substance cannot reach the fire source due to shield effect from vehicles. By using water mist system, the fire extinguishing capability is worse than foam system. Water mist system cannot efficiently put out the vehicle fire under the semi-open condition and it needs either ejecting directly to the fire source or implementing this system in a closed space, which is really not practical for construction of the interior parking space. Therefore, the water mist system presented in this research is not applicable to interior parking space and the applicability of commercial water mist system on the interior parking space also requires more careful evaluations.

並列關鍵字

Water Mist System ； Foam System ； Car Fire ； Mechanical Parking Device ； Performance Test

參考文獻

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