論莊子哲學的道心理境

On the Tao-Mind and Vision-form in the Philosophy of Chuang-tse

陳德和(Te-Ho Chen)

《鵝湖學誌》 24期 (2000/06) Pp. 41-72

https://doi.org/10.29653/LS.200006.0002

摘要

道家思想創發自老子，老子的哲學一言以蔽之就是無的哲學。無的哲學是以自然爲首義，並且主張無爲而無不爲。無爲並非全無動作，乃是無執的爲，或無意此固我的爲；惟此無爲能充分提供萬物自生自長的機會，進而讓天地人我共成一和諧的世界，是之謂無爲而無不爲。老子之無的哲學後世唯莊子最能善述之。莊子主張最高的生命境界，在體現心無不可遊、物無不可乘的陶然忘機，以重新開啓有情的人間與藝術的天地。這種境界亦即是以是非兩行、彼此兩成的開放態度，表現出超俗但不反俗的人生取向，而它所根據的，是藉由「忘」、「外」、「化」等功夫的逐層深化，所成之無執的道心。無執的道心從主觀上說是生命的澄明定靜，此即顯「照體獨立」之妙：從客觀上說，其能應於化而解於物，則有「靈樞長運」之功。莊子哲學能夠充分彰顯老子哲學的本義和深義，兩者之間的不同，不在思想本身的差異，而是表達風格、施教對象和言談方式的各取所需罷了。

關鍵字

道家 ； 老子 ； 莊子 ； 無爲 ； 無執

並列摘要

Taoism was created by Lao-tse. The philosophy of Lao-tse is the philosophy of Nothing-ness. Nothing-ness means to let things grow by themselves. Nothing-ness is to do things without holding anything. And Chuang-tse was the famous follower of Lao-tse. The supreme life style that Chuang-tse proposed was that-the mind could he wondering everywhere and things could be used freely, so that world could be filled with love and arts. Subjectively, the Holding-nothing-mind of Tao is the clearness-calmness of life. And objectively, the Holding-nothing-mind of Tao could response to everything without obstacles. The philosophy of Chuang-tse can express and translate the philosophy of Lao-tse correspondingly. The differences of the two are not in the thoughts themselves but in the styles of their expressing and the ways of their writing.

並列關鍵字

Taoism ； Lao-tse ； Chuang-tse ； to do-nothing ； to hold-nothing

參考文獻

晉郭象。莊子注。

清郭慶藩(1974)。莊子集釋。

孔子。四書集註。

王邦雄(1983)。中國哲學論集。

王邦雄(1997)。當代新儒學的關懷與超越。