澳洲礦業永續發展與原住民族社區參與對臺灣礦業之啟示

Enlightenment of Australian Sustainable Development for Mining Industry and Indigenous Community Engagement to Mining Industry in Taiwan

林諭虹(Yu-Hung Lin) ； 丁原智(Yung-Chin Ding) ； 湯銘文(Ming-Wen Tang)

《臺灣鑛業》 69卷4期 (2017/12) Pp. 1-8

摘要

澳洲礦業發展歷史悠久，擁有豐沛的礦物資源及先進技術，可視為全球礦業的先驅。澳洲有60%以上礦區位於原住民社區附近，而我國除矽砂礦外，礦產資源以東部山區石礦為主，且全國已核准礦區將近有2/3 與原住民領域重疊，其重疊性與澳洲情況相當類似，我國原住民基本法第21 條也意指承認原住民擁有其生活周圍土地開發的知情同意權，為我國礦業開發帶來極大變革，因此澳洲基於對原住民族權利及文化的尊重與理解所發展出的應對策略與社區參與方法，是非常值得我國學習的。本文所整理及討論的內容雖是針對澳洲礦業範圍，但其原則、過程及觀念仍是值得我國學習、仿效，期望能透過社區參與降低社會大眾對於礦業的不信任感，而礦業公司更應為礦區附近的社區發展負責。

關鍵字

澳洲礦業 ； 礦業永續發展 ； 社區參與 ； 原住民族社區

並列摘要

The mining industry in Australia has been developed for centuries, and has pioneered globally based on the rich mineral resources and advanced techniques. In Australia, over 60% of mining projects are located in proximity to indigenous communities. On the other hand, Mineral resources in Taiwan (except silica sand) are mainly located in the eastern mountain area (e.g., limestone and serpentine), and resemble that of Australia by having 2/3 of the legal mining concessions overlapping with indigenous land. In Taiwan, the Indigenous People Basic Law (i.e., Article 21) agrees that indigenous people have the consent right to land development on their surrounding grounds, which this act has brought great revolution to the mining industry. Therefore, it is worthwhile for Taiwan to learn about the Australian experience in developing strategies toward response and community engagement based on respect and understanding of the indigenous people. Although the content and discussion in this paper are focused on Australia, it is anticipated to minimize the public mistrust toward mining industry in Taiwan through community engagement and by learning and practicing the principles, processes and concepts developed in Australia, particularly for the mining companies to be responsible for the community development near by the mining concessions.

並列關鍵字

Mining industry in Australia ； sustainable development for mining industry ； community engagement ； indigenous community