番荔枝果園健康管理之研究

番荔枝類果樹在正常結果且不影響植株生理的狀況下，果實的管理模式建議臺東2 號番荔枝(Annona squamosa，大目釋迦)之夏期果及冬期果較適當之留果數為主幹周長與果實數之比值為1：1.0；鳳梨釋迦(A. cherimola × A. squamosa)較適宜之留果數為主幹周長與果實數之比值為1：1.0-1.2。當土壤有機質含量嚴重不足時，在施用等量化學肥料情形下，每株多施用10 公斤有機質肥料可增產18.9%，多施用20 公斤有機質肥料可增產29.3%。番荔枝病害以炭疽病最為嚴重，該病菌具潛伏感染特性，不同地區分離之菌株對於防治藥劑的表現不同，室內藥效測試以50%撲克拉錳可溼性粉劑6,000 倍對菌絲生長抑制及孢子發芽抑制效果均最佳。蟲害以太平洋臀紋粉介殼蟲(Planococcus minor)為主，防治策略為降低粉介殼蟲早期的田間族群密度及產卵量。農藥殘留檢驗結果殺菌劑檢出以「貝芬替」最多，其次為「二硫代胺基甲酸鹽類」；殺蟲劑檢出以「陶斯松」最多，其次為「益達胺」、「亞滅培」及「納乃得」；殺蟎劑以「畢達本」最多。農藥殘留檢驗不合格者以使用未核准登記之殺蟲劑及殺蟎劑為主要原因。

關鍵字

番荔枝；鳳梨釋迦；留果數；炭疽病；粉介殼蟲

並列摘要

The treatments of remaining fruit quantities of sugar apple in summer and in winter from the trunk circumference multiplied fruits 1.0 time, the remaining fruit quantities of atemoya from the trunk circumference multiplied fruits 1.0 time to 1.2 times. In the case of low soil organic matter content on sugar apple orchard that applied the same amount of chemical fertilizer, a single plant was administered 10 kg organic fertilizer would be increased production 18.9%, up to 20 kg organic fertilizer would be increased 29.3%. We surveyed the diseases on the fruits of Annona spp. in Taitung, the anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) was the most common. The pathogen of anthracnose showed latent infection, and the efficacy tests of each pesticide were different from each isolate. According to approval and registration of eleven fungicides were tested in vitro, the best were 50% Prochloraz-manganese WP to inhibit the mycelia growth and spore germination. Passionvine mealybug (Planococcus minor) was the most common species, the strategy of mealybugs control should be aimed to reduce the primary population density and fecundity of mealybugs. Pesticide residues monitoring reflected the fungicide ＂Carbendazim＂ was the most, followed by ＂Dithiocarbamates＂; the insecticide ＂Chlorpyrifos＂ was the most, followed by ＂Imidacloprid＂, ＂Acetamiprid＂, and ＂Methomyl＂; the acaricide ＂Pyridaben＂ was the most. The unqualified cases of pesticide residues showed the major reason was illegal use of non-approved insecticide or miticide.

並列關鍵字

Sugar apple ； Atemoya ； Remaining fruit quantity ； Anthracnose ； Mealybug

國際替代計量

番荔枝果園健康管理之研究

全文下載

主題瀏覽