幼稚園戶外空間幼兒安全之研究－以台中太平市為例

The Safety Problem of the Outdoor Playground in the Kindergarten: A Study

張俊彥(Chun-Yen Chang)

《觀光研究學報》 6卷2期 (2000/11) Pp. 33-50

https://doi.org/10.6267/JTLS.2000.6(2)3

摘要

近年來由於經濟結構的改變、國民生活習慣及生活方式的轉變，擔負最初始幼兒教育責任的幼稚園，成了兒童在成長中接觸最頻繁的環境，對於兒童在生理成長與社交成長間所扮演的是一個重要的部分。但由不少資料數據顯示出，兒童在學習環境中所受到的意外傷害佔所有意外事件的大半比例，有越來越多的幼兒在幼稚園中的戶外環境中受傷甚至死亡。然而在國內、外有關幼稚園的環境及遊戲場安全的研究卻非常缺乏，尤其在國內不論是環境規劃設計者或者醫療衛生保健單位，往往忽略兒童學習環境災害的事前安全防護以及事後環境使用評估，且台灣既有的環境研究，多半僅自專業者的角度出發，無法進一步掌握問題本身與非實質面的機制。
因此根據計劃緣起以及相關文獻的收集，本計劃主要目的如下：
（一）以現有幼稚園環境做評估以找出戶外環境缺失問題，主要針對現有場所作系統性評估，探求缺失以作為主要規劃設計之參考指引。
（二）探究本研究中意外災害發生之地點與成因，歸納出兒童意外災害發生次數較高的種類以及發生地點。
（三）探究意外傷害發生與幼稚園環境差異之間的相關性，以比較導致幼兒傷害之不安全場所之問題與原因。
本研究以台中縣太平市內幼稚園為調查對象，探討太平市內有登記立案之幼稚園的戶外環境狀況以及遊戲場的設計情形。並由太平市衛生所提供有關幼兒在幼稚園與戶外由戲場中發生意外的數量與比例，進一步分析該幼稚園與幼兒安全問題之關係。

關鍵字

兒童遊戲場安全 ； 戶外 ； 幼稚園 ； 傷害 ； 遊戲 ； 遊具

並列摘要

Studies to depict kindergarten's planning and design criteria seem not good enough to establishing knowledge for a safer place in the kindergarten. Therefore, this study propose the following research purposes:
1. Investigate kindergartens for figuring out the problems in the outdoor playground. With systematic evaluation to find the problems for further guidelines establishing of planning and design.
2. Investigate the location and causes of the injuries in the kindergarten. Then depict the frequently happened injuries and locations.
3. Discuss the relationships between the injuries and kindergarten's environment factors. Depict the possible causes for children's injuries in the environment.
Twenty-seven kindergartens in the Taipin City, Taichung, Taiwan were selected as the survey sites. On-site investigation, interviews, and systematic observation forms were applied to record their environment conditions and designs of playground. By interviewing the faculty in the kindergarten and the responsible medical agency officers to collect the information of the injury frequency and location. Physical environments were recorded by photographic and on-site measurement to collect the information of the amount, size, and the conditions of playground facilities and the space between them.
Finally, for a 3 months investigation in the Taipin City, the result still limited by the supervisor's intend of lower report the injury events since this study were part supported by the medical agency of Taipin City. However, by the on site observation and interviews with the children increases the validity for this study. With a more conservative point of view, the reported injury events might be a serious one. The environment that related to that injury was collected in this study.

並列關鍵字

Playground Safety ； Outdoor ； Kindergarten ； Injury ； Play ； Facilities