省産天然台灣紅豆杉母樹枝葉內紫杉烷類含量之變異

Content Variation of Taxanes in Needles and Stems of Taxus mairei Trees Naturally Distributed in Taiwan

何政坤(Cheng-Kuen Ho) ； 張淑華(Shu-Hwa Chang) ； 陳振榮(Zen-Zong Chen)

《台灣林業科學》 12卷1期 (1997/03) Pp. 23-37

https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.199703.0023

摘要

台灣紅豆杉以胸徑50-100cm以上的巨樹，稀疏散生於台灣的高山上。從本省各地區採集台灣紅豆杉枝葉35株，每株採集小量樣品約50g鮮重，用HPLC分析6種紫杉烷類的含量，包括：10-deacetyl baccatin Ⅲ(DB), baccatin Ⅲ(BC), 10-deacetyl taxol (DTX), cephalomannine (CPH), taxol（紫杉醇），7-epi-10-deacetyl taxol (ETX)，依各地區、天然群生的種原、母樹進行層級分析，結果顯示枝葉中CPH與紫杉醇主要的變異來源係在地區內種原間，而DB、DTX與ETX則來自種原內母樹間。顯示要找尋高含量紫杉醇化學品系可在地區的種原間發現，而DB則可在單株間發現。針葉中紫杉烷類間相關分析顯示，除了ETX外，紫杉醇與其他紫杉烷類均呈現極顯著的相關，但在綠枝中紫杉醇與其他紫杉烷類含量並無相關存在。針葉中紫杉烷類含量，除了DB與BC含量與綠枝相當外，其他均高於綠枝2-3倍。爲了進一步由小量樣品確定紫杉烷類的含量，大量樣品經萃取後經管柱層析純化後再加以定量，結果顯示在管柱的滯留時間較長的DTX，CPH，紫杉醇與ETX的含量在大、小量樣品間相當一致，但DB與BC則顯示被低估。由於不同母樹間針葉中紫杉醇類的含量爲0-368ppm，DB爲0-3600ppm，二者的變異相當大，顯示其選種價值極高。

關鍵字

紫杉烷類 ； 紫杉醇 ； 台灣紅豆杉 ； 變異分析

並列摘要

Taxus mairei, standing as giant trees with more than 50-100cm in diameter at breast height is sparsely scattered in high mountains of Taiwan. To determine content variation of 6 taxanes: 10-deacetyl baccatin Ⅲ(DB), baccatin Ⅲ(BC), 10-deacetyl taxol (DTX), cephalomannine (CPH), taxol, and 7-epi-10-deacetyl taxol (ETX), small samples (50 mg fresh weight) of needles and stems each were collected separately from 35 indivdual trees. A 3-level nested analysis was conducted according to different locations in Taiwan, the provenance where trees are scattered in the same mountain area, and individual trees within a provenance. The results revealed that most variation of sources of CPH and taxol came from a provenance within locations, whereas that of DB, DTX, and ETX came from individual trees within a provenance for both needles and stems. This suggests that chemical races with high contents of taxol in brancher should be selected within a provenance while those with high DB content should be from individual trees. Taxol content in needles showed a very significant relationship with other taxanes except ETX, however, it did not show any relation with other taxanes in stems. Amounts of taxanes in needles were 2-3 times more those in stems, except for DB and BC. To confirm the amounts of taxanes determined by small-quantiy samples, more precise quantification of taxanes was performed by purifying extracts of a large amount of needles using column chromatography. Taxanes with longer retention times such as DTX, CPH, Taxol, and ETX had similar concentrations between small-and large-quantity samples. However, DB and BC, that are easily interfered with impurities, were under-estimated in small samples. In needles of different trees, the existence of great variations of taxol ranging from 0 to 368ppm and DB ranging from 0 to 3600ppm showed that it is important to select for breeding in Taxus maire.

並列關鍵字

taxanes ； taxol ； Taxus mairei ； variation analysis