食品類藏品保存維護的考驗－以臺史博為例

典型的保存維護工作會依據歷史文物概略的分類進行，如你我都知道的紙質、木質、金屬或是石質等材質。面對“典型文物”，博物館提供了相當穩定的典藏環境，這些文物在優質的環境下大多可以安然的被保存與應用；然而，隨著社會快速變遷，越來越多具時代意義，或與歷史事件的關聯的物件被關注、蒐集，文物不再可以被單純的分類，或都是具有“時間痕跡”的文物。這樣多樣貌的蒐藏品，常常成為某個重要歷史時間點的表徵之一，也讓研究人員企求完整蒐藏時，思考著應該要將某些具有時效的物件一併蒐藏為庫房的一員。本文就318公民運動中的食品太陽餅，以及國立臺灣歷史博物館（以下簡稱臺史博）原有食品被入藏後，對於保存維護人員工作帶來的新型態挑戰探討。這些食品製造時原有的使用與設計，並未考量長久收藏，僅僅因為一個的重要事件，或是具有歷史代表意義，轉化成了重要的物件。過去，我們比較容易在藝術品的表現案例中，發現藝術家利用垂手可得或是覺得有趣但缺乏保存性的材料作為創作的媒介，當這樣特性的物件進入到博物館蒐藏，對於博物館的保存人員無疑是重要的課題，該如何面對與保存這個會隨時間快速腐壞的藏品？希望透過案例的分享與探討，尋求可行的解決方案，以減緩文物在我們眼前消逝的速度。臺史博食藥品蒐藏品多數在入藏時早已過了有效期限，在光、氧氣、水分與溫度對於食品的作用下，變質是一定的，透過物理性的RP®脫氧包將藏品密封隔離水活性降低，經評估後，對於非液態狀食品藏品可有效保存現狀，但要注意的是RP®-A反應時能將密封包相對濕度下降，若有紙質的配件與包裝材則建議要分離收藏。

關鍵字

預防性維護；當代典藏品；藏品管理

並列摘要

The way of typical preservation and conservation usually classify by relic kinds which we know, such as paper, wood, metal or stone. Face to ＂typical relics＂, the museum provides a fairly stable environment, and most of objects can be stored and accessed safely. However, with the rapid change of society, more and more objects with historical significance or related to historical events have been paid attention and collected by more people. With the change of concept, more and more cultural relics with ＂time wrinkle＂ or objects related to historical events have been concerned and collected; collections cannot be classified as before. Many details of the collection often become one of the important historical points in time. This situation caused the researchers to think the time-sensitive objects should also be collected in the storage, so that the historical clues are more complete. This article discusses the new challenges to the conservator - how can we do about the food collected into the National Taiwan Museum of History (henceforth referred to as NMTH) storage, like sun cake in the Sunflower Movement. The original use and design of these foods were not considered for long-term collection, just because an important event, or historical significance, was transformed into an important object. In the past, it was easier to find in the performance cases of artworks that artists use materials that are readily available or interesting but lack preservation, as the medium of creation. When objects with such characteristics become a museum collection, it is undoubtedly an important issue for conservator. How should we face and preserve this collection that will spoil quickly over time? I hope that through the sharing of cases, we can provide conservator who faces the same problem with reference ideas to slow down the rate of relics. When food becomes NMTH collections, most of them have already expired. Under the effect of light, oxygen, moisture and temperature on food, deterioration is inevitable. The physical activity of RP® oxygen absorbs to seal and isolate the water in the collection is reduced. After evaluation, the status of non-liquid food collection can be effectively preserved. It should be noted that RP®-A can reduce the relative humidity of the sealed package during the reaction. If there are paper accessories and packaging materials, it is recommended to separate and store them.

並列關鍵字

preservation ； contemporary collections ； collections management

參考文獻

Cox, H. (1993). The deterioration and conservation of chocolate from museum collections. Studies in Conservation, 38(4), 217-223. doi: 10.1179/sic.1993.38.4.217

Llamas, R., Zornoza, A., & López, C. (2009). Capas pictóricas en el arte contemporáneo: Estabilización de una obra de chocolate y metal. Conservar Património, 1055-67. doi: 10.14568/cp10_5

張仁福（1993）。食品化學。臺北市：合記圖書出版社。