運動休閒服務業員工自由時間管理、活動涉入、恢復經驗與主觀幸福感之研究

目的：根據「努力－恢復」理論，充分足夠的恢復，是防止個人受到工作不利影響的重要因素，對於維護員工的健康和幸福感極為重要，而「休閒」在員工恢復的過程中扮演重要角色。本研究旨在探討自由時間管理與活動涉入對恢復經驗之關係，並檢視恢復經驗對主觀幸福感之影響。方法：研究以運動休閒服務業員工為對象，共回收339份有效問卷，所得資料經統計軟體進行分析。結果：一、活動涉入與自由時間管理對於恢復經驗有顯著之影響，其中，「中心性」、「自我表現」、「目標與技巧」、「規劃」、「態度」是重要的解釋變項。二、恢復經驗對主觀幸福感有相當良好的解釋力，其中，「放鬆」、「精熟」為顯著之解釋變項。結論：自由時間管理與活動涉入有助於員工下班後之恢復，恢復經驗正向影響主觀幸福感，研究發現休閒在「努力－恢復」中的影響機轉，主要來自於個體對休閒的態度與自主性，透過對自由時間的正向態度與規劃、活動的投入與自我延伸，從中獲得控制感、成就感等正向感受後，達成恢復效果。建議產業管理者或相關單位提供更多元的休閒活動機會、成長課程或工作坊、強化員工目標設定與時間管理技能，以利員工能夠獲得良好的恢復經驗，增進主觀幸福感。創新性：1.整合休閒的時間、活動與主觀感受觀點，解釋其在「努力－恢復」中的影響機轉。2.科技進步及產業特性，使服務業員工的工作與私人時間分野模糊，本研究發現自由時間管理、活動投入及休閒的生活連結，有助於恢復體驗。

關鍵字

努力－恢復；休閒涉入；自由時間

並列摘要

Purpose: According to the effort-recovery model, adequate recovery is crucial for reducing work stress and enhancing well-being, and leisure plays a major role in the recovery process of employees. The present study investigated the relationships among free time management, leisure involvement, and recovery experience as well as the effect of recovery experience on subjective well-being. Methods: A survey was conducted, with 339 valid questionnaires returned, on employees in the sports and leisure service industries. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were used for data analysis, conducted using SPSS 18.0. Results: Leisure involvement and free-time management strongly affected recovery experience. Centrality, self-expression, scheduling, goal and skill setting, and attitude were crucial predictors. Recovery experience strongly affected subjective well-being, with relaxation and mastery being two crucial explanatory dimensions. Conclusion: Free time management and leisure involvement are beneficial to the recovery experience of employees after work and result in improved subjective well-being. In the effort-recovery process, the mechanisms of leisure primarily involve the attitudes and autonomy of individuals with respect to leisure. Through positive attitudes, free-time management, involvement, and self-efficacy derived from leisure activities, individuals experience positive feelings, such as a sense of control and achievement, during recovery. Managers and practitioners should provide leisure opportunities, training courses, and workshops on time management and goal setting for employees to improve their subjective well-being and recovery experiences. Originality/value: 1.Integrating leisure time, activity, and state-of-mind perspectives may enable explanation of the mechanism of the effort-recovery process. 2.Technological progress and industry characteristics have led to the divisions between work time and personal time becoming blurred for service industry employees. Free-time management, activity involvement, and connections between life and leisure can aid in the recovery experience.

並列關鍵字

effort recovery ； leisure involvement ； free time

參考文獻

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