橄欖球運動員專項耐力分析及訓練方法探討

Analyse and Study the Method of Training in Specfic Endurance of Rugby Player

林昌國(Chang-Kuo Lin) ； 黃少文(Shao-Wen Huang)

《運動知識學報》 11期 (2014/07) Pp. 165-177

摘要

橄欖球運動專項體能之力量、速度、敏捷、柔軟度及耐力等運動素質五大要素中，耐力素質如同橄欖球運動的心臟，沒有良好的耐力水準，就無法從事長時間、高強度的專項訓練，遑論會有優異的技術，更別指望選手臨場有超乎水準的演出。經相關文獻探討、整理及分析，獲致結果如下：一、橄欖球比賽具有短時間、高強度的攻、防後，出現攻防暫時中斷的間歇特性，並以此特性於整場八十分鐘的比賽期間，不斷的重複出現此種高強度動作後夾雜著休息的運動型態，概括而言就是長時間、高強度、多間歇的速度、力量運動型態。二、就專項耐力素質的特徵而言，攻、防週期內之快速跑動、擒抱、集團爭球等主要快速力量動作，依賴的是無氧動力及有氧、無氧混合耐力的供能系統；而其他速度較慢的補位、協防或助攻的隊形排列，以及死球狀態短暫休息，是以有氧耐力為主的供能系統，可以調節呼吸、促進機體恢復。訓練方法如下：一、有氧耐力訓練：長距離耐力跑、間歇訓練、法特雷克或划船機及腳踏車訓練等方法，二、無氧耐力訓練：非乳酸耐力、持續瞬間爆發力訓練。

關鍵字

橄欖球 ； 運動員 ； 專項耐力

並列摘要

In the specify conditioning of rugby, such as strength, speed, Agility, flexibelity and endurance, that endurance quality like the heart of rugby, without good endurance level, the unable project which is engaging in for a long time, high intensity trainning, let alone having excellent technology and does not expect players to exceed the performance of the level when participating in a contest even more. the result from discussion, arrangement and analyse through documents is as follows: 1. The intermittence of characteristic in rugby matchs is high intensity attack and defend in short time, attack and defend suspending appear afterwards, and with this characteristic during the matches of 80 minutes high intensity intermittence has appeared in constant repetition, summarize but the speech is a long time, high intensity effort, repeated intermittences, speed and power sports nature. 2. As regards demand for characteristic and specific endurance, the ones that attacked and defended in cycle ran, such as the sprinting, tackling, rucking and mauling in setpiece, it was systematic that relied on anaerobic power and latic acid, without oxygen or oxygen deficit to mix the energy supply of endurance; In addition the formation arranging slower in attack and defend , and the transient rest of attack and defend suspending state, is that the energy supply relying mainly on aerobic endurance, can regulate breath, promote the organism to resume.

並列關鍵字

Rugby ； Player ； Specific Endurance