橄欖球運動員專項體能特徵探討

The Research Of Skill-Related Specific l Fitness In Rugby Player

黃少文(Shao-Wen Huang) ； 林昌國(Chang-Kuo Lin)

《運動知識學報》 14期 (2017/07) Pp. 1-11

摘要

就落實運動員體能訓練而言，惟有深刻認識運動項目特徵，從比賽實際所需之專項體能之研究及分析為基礎，促使運動訓練理論與競賽實務相結合，方是從實戰出發，務實訓練精神之體現。經文獻探討、分析及歸納所得結果如下：1.體能乃是運動過程中，運動員將身體的機能能力透過肢體以運動素質表現出來的能力，亦即體能系統結構內容應當包括身體型態、身體機能和運動素質等三種要素。身體型態是由高度、長度、圍度和充實度等項目組成；身體機能主要包括心血管、呼吸循環和代謝功能等；運動素質是將身體型態和機能為基礎的潛能於運動競技中展現之能力，主要素質為力量、速度、耐力、敏捷及柔軟度。2.橄欖球運動之專項體能特徵在運動素質方面為瞬間產生最大動力、高速下瞬間應變、長時間反覆快速位移及變換速度的能力、全場與對手抗衡並有高水平表現之整體耐力，以及良好的柔軟度以避免運動傷害；在身體機能方面應具備長時間間歇缺氧做功的良好無氧耐力、乳酸耐受力，以及優異的有氧循環代謝能力以促進身體機能恢復；在身體型態方面必須具備足以產生前述運動素質、身體機能的體型條件，俾利與對手進行長時間、猛烈的肉搏抗衡、爭鬥，也就是必須具有更高大、全身肌肉更強壯及身體組成更精實的身體型態。

關鍵字

橄欖球 ； 體能 ； 專項體能 ； 特徵

並列摘要

On the implementation of the athletes conditioning training, Only a profound understanding the sports events characteristic deeply, based on the research and analysis of the project specific conditioning demand of the competition, Promote sports training theory Combined with the Competition Practice , it is the practical embodiment which trains spirit proceeding from actual combat, From the literature review, analysis and results can be summarized as follows: 1. Athlete functional abilities through the body to the quality of movement manifested called physical, So the system architecture of physical shall include the three elements of body patterns, Body function and quality of movement, etc., Body patterns by height, length, girth and plumpness and other project components , Body functions including the cardiovascular, respiratory and circulatory and metabolic functions;. Quality of movement is the ability of the body patterns and functions based on for athletic potential of the show, The main qualities include strength, speed, Endurance, agility and flexibility. 2. The skill-related physical fitness characteristics of rugby, in the athletic qualities for the moment to produce the greatest power, high speed instantaneous strain, long intermittent, intermittent hypoxia acting capacity, the audience compete with their rivals and the overall endurance of the high level of performance, as well as good flexibility in order to avoid sports injuries；At least in the body functions should have a long intermittent, intermittent hypoxia acting good anaerobic endurance, lactate tolerance, and excellent aerobic metabolic cycle capacity to promote the body's recovery; Must be sufficient to produce the aforementioned athletic quality in terms of body type, body condition of the body functions, so the opponents the long-term, comprehensive and violent fight to compete, battle, which is taller, stronger muscles and body composition Lean body type.

並列關鍵字

rugby ； fitness ； skill-related specific physical fitness ； characteristic