科技與法律的介面：科技性不確定法律概念「判斷餘地」之研究

The Interface between Technology and Law: The Study of Margin of Appreciation of Technological Indefinite Concepts of Law

張智聖(Chih-Sheng Chang)

《生物產業科技管理叢刊》 5卷2期 (2016/03) Pp. 85-125

https://doi.org/10.6170/2016.5(2).04

摘要

二十一世紀的法律與科技發展，兩者關係密切，互相影響。科技法律的範圍與研究議題，隨著科技的進步日益影響人類生活，已成為新興發展中概念。相較於傳統法學，科技法學更具技術性、國際性、結合產官學界、跨領域科際整合等特性。科技法的研究不能簡化為「法律+科技」的公式，而是要在科技（自然科學）與法律（社會科學）間，建立適當有效的連接「介面」，使兩者能持續交換資訊、交流對話、相互理解，發揮系統性功能。本文以科技性不確定法律概念「判斷餘地」之解釋、適用，為科技與法律的溝通「介面」。藉由其理論與實務之辯證，釐清司法審查之界限，以權力分立制衡為手段，以科技基本國策為指導方針，以保障人權（落實人性尊嚴之核心價值）、促進社會公平正義為終極目的，並提出解決問題之具體可行建議。在行政之羈束性、保障人權、高密度司法審查「除弊」之「紅燈理論」與行政之自由性、行政效能、低密度司法審查「興利」之「綠燈理論」間，建構法律風險管理早期預警、調控系統之「黃燈理論」機制，以促進科技法治的動態平衡。

關鍵字

科技與法律 ； 介面 ； 不確定法律概念 ； 判斷餘地 ； 司法審查密度 ； 法律風險管理 ； 黃燈理論

並列摘要

In the 21st century, technological development and law are both closely related and influenced by each other. With the advancements in technology, the scope and research of technology law increasingly affects human life, and has become an emerging developing concept. Compared with traditional jurisprudence, jurisprudence of science and technology is more technical, international, interdisciplinary, and combined with industry, government, and academia. A research of technology law cannot be simplified to a formula of ＂legal + technology＂, but should establish appropriate an effective ＂interface＂ between technology (natural science) and law (social science), so that both of them can continue to exchange information, dialogue, understand each other, and elaborate the systemic functions. In this article, the author uses the explanation of ＂margin of appreciation＂ of scientific and technological indefinite concepts of law to be the communication interface between technology and law. To clarify the boundaries of standards judicial review through the dialectic of theory and practice; to protect human rights (to fulfill the core values of human dignity) and to promote the social fairness and justice through the checks and balances of the separation of powers; all of the above-mentioned topics are all the ultimate objectives; And to propose the specific and feasible recommendations of solving the problems; to construct ＂yellow light theories” mechanism of the early-warning system of legal risk management between the “red light theories” of high-density standards of judicial review and the ＂green light theories＂ of low-density standards of judicial review; so that the dynamic equilibrium of the rule of law of science and technology will be promoted.

並列關鍵字

Technology and Law ； Interface ； Indefinite Concepts of Law ； Margin of Appreciation ； Standards of Judicial Review ； Legal Risk Management ； Yellow Light Theories