雞糞堆肥及牛糞堆肥對甘藍產量及土壤肥力之影響

Effects of Application of Chicken Compost and Dairy Compost on the Yield of Cabbage and the Change of Soil Fertility

蔡宜峰(Yi-Fong Tsai)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 63期 (1999/06) Pp. 13-24

https://doi.org/10.6956/BTDAIS.199906.0013

摘要

本研究目的在於探討施用雞糞堆肥及牛糞堆肥對甘藍生育、產量，以及對農田土壤肥力之影響，試驗分別于彰化縣大村鄉（粘板岩沖積土）及南投縣名間鄉（砂頁岩沖積土）實施。由試驗結果顯示，甘藍以施用化學肥料（N-P2O5-K2O：250-80-180 kg/ha）、雞糞堆肥100 t/ha與牛糞堆肥130 t/ha等三種處理，有較高的球葉產量且處理間差異不顯著，其次為雞糞堆肥70 t/ha處理與牛糞堆肥100 t/ha處理且兩者處理間差異不顯著，而以對照處理顯著較低。使用雞糞堆肥與牛糞堆肥處理對土壤EC值、有機質含量、有效性磷含量、交換性鉀及鎂含量等土壤特性均顯著較高，且堆肥較高用量處理區之土壤肥力高於較低用量處理區，其次為化學肥料處理區，對照處理區則顯著最低。由於與化學肥料處理比較，雞糞堆肥與牛糞堆肥處理不僅用量偏高且不符經濟效益，且甘藍在球葉生長期之植株絕對生長速率會顯著快速增加，在大村及名間試區分別可達6.16～9.93 g/day及4.03～9.50g/day。所以日後應加強研究如何將有關堆肥使用管理技術配合作物生育特性，以提高堆肥在蔬菜栽培之使用效益。

關鍵字

雞糞堆肥 ； 牛糞堆肥 ； 甘藍 ； 土壤肥力

並列摘要

The purpose of this research was to assess the effect of application of chicken compost and dairy compost on the growth and yield of cabbage and the change of soil fertility. The field experiments were conducted in Tatsuen (slate alluvial soils) and Mingen (sand stone shale soils). The results indicated that the yield of cabbage on the treatments of chemical fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 250-80-180 kg/ha), chicken compost (100 t/ha), and dairy compost (130 t/ha) were in the first better group, but there were no significant difference among those treatments. The treatments of chicken compost (70 t/ha), and dairy compost (100 t/ha) were in the second better group, and the treatment of control was the lowest. The results also showed the characteristics of soil fertility such as EC, the contents of OM, available P, exchangeable K and Mg were significantly higher in the treatments of chicken compost and dairy compost than the other treatments. However, the performance of soil fertility were better with increase of the application rate of compost. As respect to the application rates and costs of chicken compost and dairy compost, there were too high as the treatment of chemical fertilizer when applied to cabbage farmland. In addition, the absolute growth rate of cabbage would significantly increase at head growth stage, 6.16~9.93 g/day and 4.03~9.50 g/day in Tatsuen and Mingen, respectively. Therefore, in order to increase the efficiency of using organic fertilizer in vegetable production, the future efforts should concentrate on developing a feasible method in organic fertilizer management that can match the growth characteristic of crops.

並列關鍵字

chicken compost ； dairy compost ； cabbage ； soil fertility