世界遺產的想像與建構－九份、金瓜石與班鎮（Banska Stiavnica）的個案比較

World Heritage and the Building of Locality: A Comparative Analysis of Taiwanese and Slovak Communities

張家銘(Chia-Ming Chang) ； 施富盛(Fu-Sheng Shih)

《全球化與多元文化學報》 1期 (2013/12) Pp. 25-57

摘要

斯洛伐克（Slovakia）中西部班斯卡•什佳夫尼察小鎮（Banska Stiavnica／班鎮）自中世紀起即為匈牙利王朝重要金、銀礦產地，並以其城市歷史中心和周遭礦業水利遺址，為聯合國教科文組織（UNESCO）列入「世界人類文化遺產」清單。台灣則自2002起獨力推動「台灣世界遺產潛力點」政策，其中「金瓜石聚落」則被列入潛力點名單，爾後並擴充其周遭自然、產業人文環境而成為「水金九礦業遺址」。斯洛伐克「班鎮」於1993年成功地被列為人類文化遺產，象徵著此前社會主義小鎮正式被納入全球觀光產業之一環，擁有著聯合國頒定的「金字招牌」，並受全球文化體系所保護。而「水金九礦業遺址」則是以台灣社會自行建構的「世界遺產潛力點」企圖強調其全球化的地方特殊性，並深化、擴大在地觀光與全球之連結。在這理想與現實之間的「世界遺產」、「全球化」及「觀光產業」等概念是如何成為居民之間的普同價值？進一步提問，地方社會行動者如何在全球化脈絡下形塑其地方主體性？其次，地方社會發展又是由何者所決定？本研究將以九份、金瓜石地區之問卷調查研究、文獻分析及兩國地方社會行動者的深度訪談為研究方法，以斯洛伐克「班鎮」為參照點，探討金瓜石、九份地區在世界遺產潛力點的政策過程中，地方的主體性、以及全球化脈絡下的地方性是如何建構的。同樣為後威權地方社會的九份、金瓜石與班鎮相較，其異同又為何。

關鍵字

全球化 ； 地方性 ； 地方社會 ； 世界遺產

並列摘要

Banska Stiavnica, locating in the central part of Slovakia was an important mining town of the Hungary Kingdom in the Medieval period. Banska Stiavnica has been inscribed into the UNESCO's World Heritage List since 1993 due to its historic heritages of town center and technical monuments in its vicinity. In Taiwan the Ministry of Culture starts the Potential World Heritage Sites in Taiwan Program since 2002, and the Jinguashih Settlement (Jiufen-Jinguashi community) has been inscribed into the list. Soon after this, government integrates the Jinguashih Settlement with its neighbor natural, industrial and social surroundings into the Shuei-Jin-Jiou Mining Sites. The UNESCO World Heritage might be considered as a worldwide golden reputation for tourism and all such heritage sites are protected by international regulations. Taiwan, however is not member of the United Nations and has no right to sign the World Heritage Convention. By the Potential World Heritage Sites program Taiwan government makes attempts to ＂build up＂ certain potential world heritage sites, to define the connections between Taiwan localities and global society and to extend and intensify the connection between local tourist sites and global tourism. In such ＂legal＂ or ＂potential＂ world heritage sites is there any consensus or common local identity for local development between social actors? If there is, how could such identity or consensus been formed? Furthermore, which social actor conducts the building of locality in the context of globalization, and how it happened? This study will examine the cases of Jinguashih Settlement in Taiwan and Banska Stiavnica in Slovakia. The study will do the research on the building of locality in these two communities after their national transform in the globalization era. The study will adopt qualitative research methods such as in-depth interviews, participant observation and etc.

並列關鍵字

communities ； globalization ； locality and world heritage