創業精神與經濟指標的關聯性研究：1996~2005的實證分析

The Relationship between Entrepreneurship and Economic Indicators: Evidence from the Empirical Study of 1996~2005 Data

林南宏(Nan-Hong Lin) ； 何慶煌(Ching-Hwang Hor)

《創業管理研究》 2卷4期 (2007/12) Pp. 113-142

https://doi.org/10.30132/JER.200712.0005

摘要

新創事業是國家經濟的活水，係保持經濟成長、創造就業機會、社會安定及提升產業競爭的原動力，而創業精神正是這股活水的源頭。本研究依循數據學派的主張，認為係外在經濟環境的變遷，而激發創業精神的發揮，意即，由於總體經濟因素的變動，導致創業精神被激發，並引發新創企業的後續活動。本研究以台灣近十年（1996~2005）的經濟指標為依據，以新創設之中小企業家數代表創業精神，並從職業選擇理論、供給面驅動因子與需求面驅動因子等面向，來探討總體經濟指標與創業精神間的關聯性，及發現影響的關鍵參數。此外，本研究也以2000年台灣政黨輪替為干擾變數，探究是否存在結構性改變，亦即創業精神是否因政治變動而受影響。本研究的結論是：一、「職業選擇理論」獲得具體驗證，創業精神受到外在環境經濟因素影響，基於本身主動或被迫地追求更好預期報酬的選擇。二、「財務融資的可及性」為創業精神驅動因子的主張，獲得實證支持，銀行放款總額與創業精神有顯著負向關係，顯示台灣銀行體系的融資機制仍處於開發中國家的水準，尚有相當的改善空間。三、「政府財政收支政策」為創業精神的驅動因子。當政府財政收支政策的透明度越高，社會安全制度越完善，則創業比率越高。四、「人口結構老化」為創業精神發揮的一大隱憂。五、政治變動並未影響台灣創業精神的發揮。

關鍵字

創業精神 ； 職業選擇理論 ； 總體經濟指標 ； 政治變動

並列摘要

Newly-Established Enterprises is the driving force of a national economy. It is an agent to keep an economy growing, create employment, maintain stability in the society, and increase industry competitiveness. And the root of this driving force is entrepreneurship. This study follows the idea of Rate School to consider that the external economic environment changes inspire entrepreneurship. In other words, when macroeconomic factors change, entrepreneurship is inspired and then the activities of Newly-Established Enterprises are triggered. Based on Taiwan's economic indicators from recent ten years (1996~2005), the study uses the number of Newly-Established Enterprises to symbolize entrepreneurship, explores the relationship between macroeconomic indicators and entrepreneurship from the aspects of the driving factors of Occupation Choice, Supply Side and Demand Side, and discovers the key influencing parameters. Furthermore, the study treats the change of governing party in 2000 as a moderating variable to see whether there are any structural changes and whether entrepreneurship is affected by political changes. Conclusions of the study are: 1. ＂Occupation Choice theory＂ has gained concrete proof that entrepreneurship is influenced by external economic environment factors, and based on the choice of searching for better expected return either positively or passively. 2. ＂Financial Availability＂ as a driving factor of entrepreneurship has also been concretely proved. The negative relationship between bank loan and entrepreneurship represents that the financial mechanism in Taiwan's Banking infrastructure is still on the level of developing countries and has substantial room for improvement. 3. ＂Fiscal Capacity＂ is also a driving factor of entrepreneurship. The higher the visibility of fiscal revenue and expenditure policy and the better social security system, the higher the Newly-Established Enterprises ratio. 4. ＂Aging population structure＂ is a hidden anxiety to entrepreneurship and could have adverse effect in the future. 5. Political changes do not affect Taiwan's entrepreneurship.

並列關鍵字

Entrepreneurship ； Occupation Choice ； Macroeconomic Indicators ； Political Changes