我國兵役制度的演進、變革與展望

History, Change, and Outlook of R.O.C's Military Service System

洪錦成(Hong, Jin-Cheng) ； 施奕暉(Shih, I-Huei)

《檔案半年刊》 12卷2期 (2013/06) Pp. 30-45

摘要

軍備競賽或軍事強權並非當前國家期許的利益，發展民生經濟則為國家最實際的議題，並已成為世界的主流趨勢。惟世界上有少數地區仍情勢緊張，如核子試爆、發展遠程飛彈、種族或宗教衝突以至資源爭奪等，都可能會造成世界秩序的衝擊。俗云，國可一日無戰，但不能一日無兵，所以國防軍事的建構備戰，不會有消失的一天。各國兵役制度，不論「徵兵、募兵或徵募並行制」，均會受政治經濟、文化社會、歷史地理等影響，亦皆以「國家利益—國家目標—國家戰略—軍事戰略」為規劃發展方向。而我國歷代兵制特色各有不同，政府遷臺後更陸續建構一套完備徵募並行制，實施堪稱成熟。我國在民國（以下同）89年起推動替代役制度，藉此生力軍對社會公益提供更優質的服務，更在國防財力充分滿足，兼顧民眾期望暨符合社會脈動下，復於100年修正兵役法，規劃兵制轉型朝向募兵制，藉以建構「質精、量適、戰力強」的現代化部隊，本文亦將一窺101年1月1日起我國志願役與義務役的轉型與變革。

關鍵字

兵役制度 ； 徵兵制 ； 募兵制 ； 替代役 ； 徵兵處理

並列摘要

It is a worldwide trend that a country considers focusing on development of national economy is more practical than military arms race or attempt to become military superpower with the idea that arms race or military superpower no longer meet the national interest. However, tense situations in certain regions shock the world, such as the nuclear weapons testing, development of long range ballistic missile, ethnic or religious conflicts, war over resources, and etc. Therefore, a country cannot survive without military forces. National defense is irreplaceable. Military service system across the world, whether it is conscription system, enlistment system or mixed system all influenced by the nation's politics, economics, culture, society, history, and geography. The planning and developing direction is always set to meet the goal of national interest, national goal, national strategy, and military strategy. The past military service systems in Taiwan have various characteristics. The government has successively built a well-rounded mixed system of conscription system and enlistment system. Since 2000, Taiwan has developed an alternative service system with the goal to provide better services toward social welfare. Under the circumstance of sufficient defense financial resource and taking into account of citizen's expectation and social needs, in 2011 the Taiwan government trig gered a modification of military regulations to construct a high quality, proper quantity, and powerful modern military force. This article will discuss the revolution and transformation of enlistment system and conscription system since January 1, 2012 in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

military service ； conscription system ； enlistment system ； substitute (alternative) service ； enlistment operation

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