This article mainly uses the literature method and other research methods to analyze and research the related literature on the core literacy of sports and the teaching ability of college physical education teachers in the new era. Theoretical analysis and discussion on the improvement of the teaching ability of physical education teachers, especially college physical education teachers, believes that there are three ways to improve the teaching ability of physical education teachers in colleges and universities: from the perspective of core literacy cognition, specifically optimize the classroom teaching behavior path of physical education teachers in colleges and universities; The basic concept of "core literacy" is integrated into the specific content of the in‐depth physical education classroom teaching design and updates the concept of physical education; enhance the path of "communication" and "reflection" in physical education.