數位監察之研究－以通訊監察及通訊電磁紀錄之搜索為核心

網際網路與行動通訊的發展，除了使人們的生活帶來便利之外，也使得犯罪者利用這些工具以便利其犯罪實施。我國實務偵查，過去多將注意力放在傳統市話與行動電話之通訊監察上，卻對於透過行動通訊應用軟體作為犯罪聯繫管道之部分，無法繼續追查，以致於犯罪偵查陷入困境。主因在於我國對於如何請求這些通訊軟體業者配合協助實施通訊監察或提供通信資料並無明確規範，又因通訊軟體加密保護之問題，使得偵查機關即便攔截到封包也難以突破加密保護來獲知通訊內容。因此本文就與通訊相關之偵查手段，如通訊監察、電磁紀錄搜索、線上搜索、非通信內容資料調閱與業者之協助義務等問題，比較美國法、德國法與我國法在規範之有無，以及相關強制處分審核基準之差異，嘗試提出因應之對策與建議，提升偵查效率並同時兼顧人民基本權利之保護。

關鍵字

通訊監察；線上搜索；加密；協助義務；網路

並列摘要

The development of the Internet and mobile communications, not only making people's lives more convenient, but also allows offenders to use these tools to facilitate their criminal implementation. In R.O.C past practical investigations, the communication surveillance was focus on the traditional local telephones and mobile phones. However, it was difficult to trace the use of mobile communication software as part of the criminal communication method, so that in this situation the criminal investigation was in trouble. The main reason is that we have no clear rules about how to request these communication software providers to cooperate with the communication surveillance or provide communication materials. And also because the problem of encryption protection used by communication software, it is difficult for the investigation agency to break through the encryption protection even if it intercepts the packets. Therefore, this article compares the communication-related investigative methods, such as communication surveillance, search of digital evidence, online search and the assistance obligations of the industry; and compares the differences between the US law, the German law and R.O.C law in the norm and the review criteria of prosecutors' Order. At the end, this article tries to provide countermeasures and suggestions to improve the efficiency of investigation and at the same time take into account the protection of the basic rights of the people.