- 學位論文
高齡者日常旅程中之歇息模式及候車座椅需求
Recess Pattern and Seating Demand in Older People`s Daily Journey at Bus Station.
摘要
隨著高齡化社會的到來，許多高齡化社會所產生的問題也將接踵而至；本研究透過了解高齡者因生理機能的改變所產生使用產品時所發生的問題，進而導入通用設計之理念，設計滿足高齡者需求的產品。本研究旨在發掘高齡者使用公車候車座椅時所發生的問題，進一步針對其需求提供多組候車座椅尺度做為設計之參考。首先，利用觀察法廣泛地發掘使用者在候車時所發生的問題，再透過個案調查方式深入探討高齡者在日常生活的旅程中對休息及座椅的需求。研究發現：(1)「休息」在高齡者日常旅程中佔了一半以上的時間，(2)「坐姿休息」為高齡者主要的歇息模式，皆佔4個個案的總休息時間約七成以上(82.0%、68.5%、84.8%、77.8%)，(3)高齡者因為肌力衰退，而造成坐下及起身動作困難，(4)過深的候車座椅會使乘坐者無法使用到靠背，(5)休息時，高齡者會將隨身行李放下，他們需要貼身且安心的置放行李方式。經文獻探討及匯整研究發現，提出「高齡者候車座椅設計指引」如下： (1)候車座椅高度的平均設計值為660-714mm、極端設計值為606-655mm (2)候車座椅深度為200-300(+B) mm (B為臀後緣至靠背的緩衝距離) (3)靠背高度為312-325mm，扶手高度為208-223mm (4)由於公車候車座椅的目的在於提供乘坐者短暫的休息，在設計候車座椅時，可以不設置靠背；若考慮乘坐者的安全感受，靠背的設置可以做為「護欄」的功能，避免乘坐者產生往後傾倒的恐懼。 (5)座椅設置扶手有助於坐下及起身的動作，並能支撐乘客肩上的行李。
並列摘要
As the increase of elder population, it turns problems about the society of aging. In this research, the researcher through understanding the effects in using products about the elders` physiological changes and designing products to meet their needs with the concepts of Universal Design. The purpose of this research is to define problems of older people in using seats in a bus station, and to provide designers with seating design guidelines. Firstly, an observation was carried out to discover problems and requirements for recess and seating in older peoples` daily journey. Secondly, case study was conducted by tracing the journey of four older people. Research findings include: (1)Older people spent more than half of the time for recess in their daily journey. (2)Sitting was the main manner in taking a rest among older people. (3)Difficulties were found in sitting down and especially in standing up cause by weaken muscle strength. (4)The user did not usually lean against the backrest. (5)Older people would deposit their bags while taking a rest but with safety concern. The main function of the seat in a bus station is to provide users with brief recess. Although a proper support of the body weight is required, to diminish the difficulties of sitting down on and standing up from the seat is proved to be significant. Base on the research findings and related references, guidelines for seat design at bus stations was established as follows: (1)The range of seating height for the average design is 660-714 mm, and, for the extreme individuals is 606-655mm. A high-sitting seat consumes less energy when users sit down on and stand up from it. (2)The range of seating depth is 200-300(+B) mm. (B is the buffer distance between the bottom and the backboard.) (3)The height of the armrest is set from 208 to 223 mm. It would facilitate the movements of sitting down to and standing up from the seat, in addition, would share the burden of shoulder bags. (4)The height of the backrest set from 312 to 325mm. It is not essential to set a backrest unless there is a security concern.