典型舊式公寓火災 場模式之數值模擬與研究

Numerical Investigation and Verification of A Dual Apartment Fire

黃筱雯(Hsiao-Wen Huang)

指導教授 ： 林誠興

元智大學/工程學院/機械工程學系/碩士(2006年)

摘要

摘 要
目前台灣各類建築物建造時所遵循的火災安全法規為典型條例式（Prescription）法規，然而，對於舊式建築公寓而言不易判斷這類型建築物在符合消防法規下是否安全，因此可透過一些數值模擬量化之數據，提供建築物消防安全之高溫火場中煙層、溫度等參數變化來做為此類建築物之煙控評估依據。本文以國內重大火災案例為借鏡，經由文獻收集以及火災煙柱與煙層沈積速率之理論分析，歸納出影響五樓公寓建築煙擴散之重要參數，此等重要參數包含：起火源位置煙柱傳輸時間、天花板噴流傳輸時間、開口排煙量以及火場質量熱傳率。為了準確地預測出火災發生時煙流動特性與煙層沈積現象，本文則利用CFAST理論並導入壓力、體積、能量、溫度來預測一樓梯區間熱傳遞率與應變，並且用拉氏轉換法與控制體積法配合形狀函數來處理時間域與空間域，且應用四階R-K(Runge-Kutta)法疊代與數值模擬比對，以印證代數方程式法以及場模式法之適用性，接著再進一步探討此等設計參數之預測模式。另一方面，除了利用數值模擬方法結合機車實驗數據與FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulator)火災模擬軟體來重建台灣「三重舊式公寓」火災實例，討論影響舊式公寓建築之重要參數之外，進一步探討不同情況火場下之火流方向、溫度場及濃煙變化的情形，以瞭解各區域溫度傳播、濃煙擴散的情況，將模擬結果和火場實際照片做印證，以定性、定量的方式說明，期望能提供國人防火安全之參考。

關鍵字

火災；FDS；煙流；場模式

並列摘要

ABSTRACT
Recently, all kinds of buildings are abided by the typical ordinance for fire safety assessment in Taiwan. However, it is difficult to examine an old apartment building is safe or not under current fire regulations. Therefore, computational methods have been used to simulate with numerical quantitative data for fire protection assessment. This paper uses CFAST model simulation to conform an apartment fire case, the outcomes provide some parameters that affect the smoke spread in fire building, including the transmission time of fire source, ceiling flow, the exhaust capacity of vents and the mass rate of heat transmit. This study combines the fire dynamics simulator (FDS) developed by the US-NIST with the motorcycles experimental data[13] to re-establish the fire accident occurred in San-Chang. Boundary conditions of fire scene are suitably simplified by the characteristics of the software.The fire field is re-established to investigate the energy and smoke transport within the building. The results are verified with the fire pictures taken afterwards. The information obtained is useful for the future improvement of fire protection aspects.

並列關鍵字

fire；FDS；smoke； Field Models

參考文獻

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