桃園巿國民小學普通班級任教師工作壓力、工作滿意度與組織承諾之相關研究

A Study on the Correlation between Work Pressure, Job satisfaction and Commitment of Organization for Elementary School Regular-class Classroom Teachers in Taoyuan City

郭晏庭(Yan-Ting Guo)

指導教授 ： 李弘暉

共同指導教授 ： 張其祿

元智大學/管理學院/管理研究所/碩士(2006年)

摘要

本論文研究旨在探討桃園巿國民小學普通班級任教師工作壓力、工作滿意度與組織承諾的現況與相關性，及不同背景變項與工作壓力、工作滿意度與組織承諾是否有顯著差異，以獲得客觀的實證數據。
本研究兼採文獻分析、問卷調查等研究方法，以桃園巿國民小學普通班級任教師276人為樣本，並以自編之「桃園巿國民小學級任教師服務狀況調查問卷」為工具，進行調查。調查所得資料，按照研究計畫將本問卷第一部份「工作壓力」分成四個層面(教學輔導與親師溝通、專業知能發展、人際關係、工作本身)；第二部份「工作滿意度」分成四個層面(工作本身與組織文化、人際關係、行政支持與組織培育、領導者的特質與行為)；第三部份「組織承諾」分成三個層面(組織認同、努力意願、留職傾向)，以國小教師的背景變項，分別與每個層面進行T考驗、F考驗、單因子變異數分析、皮爾遜積差相關、多元逐步迴歸等統計方法，進行資料分析與整理，最後歸納分析結果，並提出建議。
壹、 綜合文獻分析及問卷調查結果，得到以下結論：
一、「工作本身」為桃園市國小級任教師主要的工作壓力來源。
二、桃園市國小級任教師的組織承諾以「組織認同」較高。
三、不同年齡、學歷、任教年資、擔任級任年資及學校規模在工作壓力上有顯著差異。在工作滿意度上，只有年齡層面有顯著差異。不同年齡、任教年資、擔任級任年資及現任職務在組織承諾上有顯著差異。
四、資深教師有較高的留職傾向。
五、桃園巿國小級任教師工作壓力與工作滿意度呈現顯著負相關。
六、桃園巿國小級任教師工作壓力與組織承諾呈現顯著負相關。
七、桃園巿國小級任教師工作滿意度與組織承諾呈現顯著正相關。
八、桃園巿國小級任教師在教學輔導與親師溝通、工作本身的壓力與組織認同呈顯著負相關。
九、桃園巿國小級任教師在工作本身所感受到的壓力愈大，則其努力意願、留職傾向會愈低。
十、教師工作壓力中的「工作本身」壓力對努力意願有較佳的預測力。
十一、桃園巿國小級任教師在工作滿意度的工作本身與組織文化、領導者的特質與行為層面上之滿意度愈高，則其組織認同與留職傾向會愈高。
十二、桃園巿國小級任教師在工作滿意度的工作本身與組織文化、人際關係層面上之滿意度愈高，則其努力意願會愈低。

貳、 研究者根據上述結論提出建議：
一、對教育行政機關之建議
（一） 增加小型學校行政兼職教師的編制
（二） 減少班級學生人數，以減輕級任教師的工作負荷
（三） 減少舉辦不必要的活動與競賽
二、對學校之建議
（一） 建立行政人員、級任教師、專任科任教師的工作輪調機制
（二） 建立級任教師任教年級的工作輪調機制
（三） 營造良好的組織學習氣氛及分享機制
（四） 加強親職教育，暢通親師溝通的管道
三、對國民小學教師之建議
（一） 敞開心胸，學習他人的教學經驗，並與人分享
（二） 多參加研習進修以充實教育專業知能

關鍵字

國民小學教師 ； 教師工作壓力 ； 工作滿意度 ； 組織承諾

並列摘要

This research is to inquire into the circumstances and correlation between work pressures, job satisfaction, and commitment of organization for elementary school regular-class classroom teachers in Taoyuan city. For acquiring objective factual data, the researcher also studied the correlation between elementary school regular-class classroom teachers’ work pressure, job satisfaction, and commitment of organization under different situations would have tremendous change.
This study was taken action by document analyses and survey with the tool of researcher self-developed survey-“Survey of Work Profile of Elementary School Regular-class Classroom Teacher in Taoyuan city,” which samples were 276 elementary school teachers from Taoyuan city . These date were divided into four components (instructional assistance with communication between parents and teacher, development of professional knowledge and skill, relationship, and work essence) from the one section “work pressure of elementary teacher” of the survey; four components (work essence and organizational culture , relationship , administrative supports, nurture of organizational and characteristic and behavior of leadership) from the two section of “job satisfaction in Elementary teachers” and three components (organization recognition, hard working attitude, and desire of retention) from third section “commitment of organization of elementary teachers.” For analyzing the correlation of elementary teachers background with all sections, T test, F test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s product moment correlation, and Stepwise multiple regressions were utilized in data analysis. According to the outcome of data analysis, the research provides some suggestions for improvement, provides some suggestions for improvement.
I. Concluded from literature reviews and survey results, the researcher had found:
i. The major work pressures of elementary school regular-class classroom teachers in Taoyuan city are work essence.
ii. Commitment of organization for elementary school regular-class classroom teachers in Taoyuan city highly falls on organization recognition.
iii. There are notable differences for work pressure in different age, educational (or academic) background, and seniority, service seniority of regular-class classroom and scale of school. In job satisfaction, there is notable difference only for age. There is notable difference for commitment of organization in different age, seniority, service seniority of regular-class classroom and function of current job.
iv. Senior teachers have higher desire of retention.
v. The correlation between work pressures and job satisfaction shows evidently ineffective.
vi. The correlation between work pressures and commitment of organization shows evidently ineffective.
vii. The correlation between job satisfaction and commitment of organization shows evidently effective.
viii.There is negative correlation for Taoyuan city’s regular-class classroom teachers on instructional assistance with communication between parents and teacher, work pressure and organization recognition.
ix. There is negative aspiration (work aspiration, keeping on service) for Taoyuan city’s regular-class classroom teachers on work pressure.
x.“work essence” in work pressure of teachers has greater forecast on hard working attitude.
xi.There is higher aspiration (Commitment of Organization, keeping on service) for Taoyuan city’s regular-class classroom teachers on Job satisfaction, work essence, characteristic and behavior of leadership.
xii.There is negative aspiration (Commitment of Organization, keeping on service) for Taoyuan city’s regular-class classroom teachers on on Job satisfaction, work essence, characteristic and behavior of leadership.

II. According to results of above, the research had provided some suggestions:
A. For educational administrative organization:
(i) Increase small school’s organization for teacher job comprise administration.

(ii) Decrease students number of class in order to reduce teacher’s loading.
(iii) Decrease to make unconcern action and race.

B. For School Administrative:
(i) Establish routine function between administrators, regular-class classroom teachers and full-time grade teachers.
(ii) Establish routine function for full-time grade teachers.
(iii) Building share function and good mood for fine organization.
(iv) Flow without obstruction between parent and teacher and augment education of parent between child and school.

C. For teacher:
(i) Open mind and learn people’s teaching experience and then share with peoples.
(ii) Plenty join research and study in order to make professional education knowledge.

並列關鍵字

Elementary school teacher ； Work pressure of teacher ； Value of work ； Commitment of Organization

參考文獻

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