工作特質與疲勞之研究－以高雄地區兩家公司之勞工及辦公室工作族群為例

The relationship between work characteristics and fatigue－An example of blue-collar and white-collar between two companies in Kaohsiung area

張逸欣(Yi-Hsin Chang)

指導教授 ： 莊弘毅

高雄醫學大學/健康科學院/公共衛生學研究所/碩士(2003年)

摘要

在台灣的產業結構目前正在迅速轉變之同時，對於工作場所的工作壓力及疲勞之重視，也逐漸成為現代社會首要之議題。本研究目的為瞭解不同工作族群之工作特質及疲勞盛行率狀況，並進一步探討工作者疲勞發生與工作特質之關係。
本研究以高雄地區之員工為研究對象，進行橫斷式問卷調查及健康檢查。問卷內容包括：研究對象背景資料、JCQ工作特質量表中文版《工作控制（job control）、心理負荷量（psychological demands）及職場中的社會支持（work-related social support）》及CIS個人疲勞強度問卷中文版等，以評估受訪者之工作特質及疲勞之狀況。
本研究共收集2019份有效問卷，回應率(response rate)為72.7 %；男性1654位（81.9%）、女性365位（18.1%）。其中，以技術性及勞力密集性工作上為主之員工有1542位，以一般事務性工作為主之員工有477位；員工平均年齡為36.1（8.0）歲；教育程度以專科居多（38.9%）。根據Karasek的「負荷－控制」模型，在研究個案中屬於主動性工作狀態之工作者有362名（19.8%），被動性工作狀態之工作者有534名（29.3%），高壓力性工作狀態之工作者有406名（22.3%），低壓力性工作狀態之工作者有522名（28.6%）。總研究樣本之疲勞盛行率為31.6%。經由相關分析得知工作主控性、社會支持、工作保障、體力付出、未來前景以及工作滿意度等等變項，均與員工疲勞之發生有顯著相關(p<0.05)。以logistic regression analysis 所得之結果發現，工作特質為低工作主控性、高社會支持、有體力付出、無工作保障、無未來前景以及工作滿意度低之工作者，其疲勞發生之相對危險性較高（OR=0.97~1.61）。就高雄地區之工作族群而言，白領工作者於工作特質之評估狀況均優於藍領工作者。
由本研究之發現，強烈支持工作特質與疲勞之間具有相關性存在，且某些工作特質對於疲勞之發生可能具有潛藏之緩衝效能；未來可朝向分析彼此間之交互作用，以澄清其於職場疲勞上所扮演之角色。

關鍵字

工作特質 ； 疲勞 ； 工作壓力

並列摘要

The industrial structure in Taiwan is changing rapidly; in the meanwhile, the emphases on job stress and fatigue in work places gradually become the most important issue in the modern society. The purpose of this research is to comprehend the state of work characteristics and the prevalence of fatigue in different work groups and further, to probe into the connection between the occurrence of workers’ fatigue and work characteristics.
This research took the workers in Kaohsiung as participants to proceed questionnaire surveys and health examination in the cross-sectional study from May to July 2000. The questionnaire included the information about participants’ backgrounds, Chinese version of the Job Content Questionnaire （job control, psychological demand, and work-related social supports） and Chinese version of the Checklist Individual Strength Questionnaire. This questionnaire was used to estimate the condition of work characteristics and fatigue of participants.
This research totally collected to collect 2019 valid questionnaires; the response rate was 72.7%; 1654 male participants (81.9%) and 365 female participants (18.1%). Among them, there were 1542 workers who emphasized on technicality and labor density work; 477 workers emphasized on general administrative work. The average age of these workers was 36.1 years and the majority part of their education backgrounds was vocational education (38.9%). According to Karasek’s Demand-Control Model, in the research case, there were 362 workers who belong to active working state (19.8%), 534 (29.3%) were passive, 406 (22.3%) were high strain and 552 (28.6%) were low strain. The prevalence of fatigue in the sum-up research sample was 31.6%. Through correlation analyses, it revealed that there were significant relations between the occurrence of workers’ fatigue and job control, social support, job insecurity, physical effort, future prospects, job satisfaction (p<0.05). As the result of the logistic regression analysis, it showed that when work characteristics were low job control, high social support, with physical effort, no job insecurity, no future prospects and low job satisfaction for workers, the odds ratio of the occurrence of workers’ fatigue would be significantly higher（OR=0.97to1.61）. For working groups in Kaohsiung the evaluations of work characteristics of white collars were all better than blue collars.
The result of the research provide a strong support to show that there exists some kind of connection between work characteristics and fatigue, moreover, it also points out some work characteristics may have potential modify effects for the occurrence of workers’ fatigue. For this reason, in the future, by analyzing the interactions, we could clarify the role of work characteristics in working-place fatigue.

並列關鍵字

work characteristics ； fatigue ； job stress

參考文獻

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