從語言接觸看江昀閩客語散文集重疊詞之研究

A Study on the reduplication of Yun Jiang's Prose Collection both in Minnan & Hakka dialects from the Perspective of Language Contact

陳寶珠(Pao-Chu Chen)

指導教授 ： 鄭縈

國立清華大學/竹師教育學院/臺灣語言研究與教學研究所/碩士(2018年)

摘要

本論文主要從語言接觸的觀點出發，運用比較法及語料庫語言學的方法來探究江昀閩、客語散文集的重疊詞。根據統計，「AA式」重疊出現頻率是最高的，如閩南語散文「AA」式出現53次，佔總比例30.81%及客語散文「AA」式則出現99次，佔總比例39.76%。故本文依型態分類，以「AA式」重疊及「非AA式」重疊結構為主，再以重疊詞的詞性分類，透過閩、客語辭典的釋義，分析江昀在閩、客語的詞彙使用情形，作為比對兩者之差異。
研究結果發現:一、江昀在閩、客語散文集使用「AA式」重疊詞中，名詞重疊「稱謂詞」的部分，因閩、客語兩本散文的內容描寫的情境不同，可以看出兩代之間語言逐漸的改變，不過閩、客語都因早期國語運動的驅使下，詞彙的使用難免受到華語的影響；二、形容詞「AA式」重疊在語法功能分布的表現上，閩、客語散文呈現不同的趨勢，閩南語和華語表現較一致的是呈現減弱的現象，而客語則是程度增強，語法功能的位置較不受限制；三、「非AA式」重疊詞的部分中，因閩、客語兩種方言缺少適合的詞彙，發現較多借用華語的現象；四、江氏在寫作過程中，無意識的將閩、客語兩種方言詞彙產生雜交的現象，如「惜命命仔」、「吊尾仔」等，另外，蓄意的將詞彙從意象轉化為具象呈現在作品中，如「ABB」重疊詞中「油洗洗」呈現在糯米粒的亮度及「白花花」則形容白色粉末擦在衣服上，而「AABB」重疊詞中將冷、熱溫度感覺的「燒燒冷冷」，具象化的形容在醫藥費上，有意識的改變其詞彙原來的意思，創造出屬於江氏獨特的風格。

關鍵字

語言接觸 ； 重疊詞 ； 閩南語 ； 客語

並列摘要

This thesis investigates and compares reduplicated words in Taiwan Min and Hakka used by Yun Jiang in her essays from the perspective of language contact by corpus linguistics methods. Our statistical results initially indicate that among different types of reduplicated words, the form of AA reduplication is the highest in the frequency of occurrence, with 53 (30.81%) tokens and 99 (39.76%) tokens of reduplicated words in the AA form used respectively in her Taiwan Min and Hakka proses. Based on this observation, we first classify reduplicated words into AA and non-AA forms. Next, for each dialect we group the reduplicated words in each form into different subcategories depending on the different syntactical functions the words have. Then, we inquire into what might be the potential syntactic and semantic differences between the Taiwan Min and Hakka reduplicated words used by Yun Jian in her pieces of work.
Our comparative results have shown several important findings. First of all, the addressing terms in the AA form used in Yun Jiang’s Taiwan Min and Hakka prose collections reflect different extents to which different generations are influenced by Mandarin Chinese. Secondly, adjectives in the AA form exhibit different trending in semantic connotations and syntactic position between Taiwan Min and Hakka. Our corpus has shown that adjectives in the AA form tend to be used to express reinforcement in Hakka, whereas they are more likely to denote diminishing meaning in Taiwan Min, as is the case in Mandarin Chinese. Besides, in Hakka adjectives in the AA form show more flexibility in the syntactic positions in a sentence. Thirdly, plenty of reduplications in the non-AA form in Yun Jiang’s proses are borrowed from Mandarin Chinese due to the small-sized non-AA vocabulary in both Taiwan Min and Hakka. Fourthly, it is found that Yun Jiang unconsciously used Taiwan Min expressions in her Hakka writings and vice versa, such as the Taiwan Min expression “cherish-life-life-diminutive” in the ABB form found in her Hakka writing. Finally, metaphorical usages of reduplication are prevalent in Yun Jiang’s works. For example, the Taiwan Min “oil-wash-wash” in the ABB form, literally meaning oily, was metaphorically used to express the brightness of glutinous rice grains, the expression “white-flower-flower” in the form of ABB, literally denoting whitely, was used to describe the effect of whiteness that the white powder on the clothes caused, and the phrase “hot-hot-cold-cold,” literally referring to the high and low temperatures, was employed to metaphorically represent high and low, or various costs in medication. Yun Jiang is skillful in using metaphoric meanings, and creates a unique writing style .

並列關鍵字

reduplications ； anguage contacts ； Taiwan Min ； Hakka

參考文獻

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