台灣戶外公共藝術與環境相融性之研究

如果一件公共藝術無法比一棵樹那樣受人喜愛，那麼公共藝術的設置與否就有待評估。目前台灣公共藝術數量持續增加，部分作品長年來因地區環境的改變，和作品本身的質變，對環境產生的美化的影響須積極正視。藝術家選擇媒材的適地性、設置環境的適當性、以及對作品後續維護，這些都是影響日後城市整體環境之相融的因素。本研究方法以史料文獻調查、分析台灣戶外公共藝術與環境的關係，戶外公共藝術創作媒材的選擇，使用的自然材料和人造材料的比較。並由文獻回顧方式，分析理論並彙整戶外公共藝術的社會責任、以公共藝術美化的宗旨定義公共藝術四層次，具體提出四層次中的16項細則，以台灣獲獎作品分析評量和國際獲獎作品為比較，提出結果為台灣的作品大部分以單項作品的設置，以策展單位、設置單位、藝術家為主角，環境和民眾僅於配角。比對國際公共藝術獎的獲獎戶外作品，對於藝術家在創作的過程中有更多的生活性、社會性、教育議題以及重視精神議題的創作內容，這是值得台灣對未來戶外公共藝術的設置學習的方向。提出台灣公共藝術與環境相融之核心原則，有三個要項：一、積極的減少「人造公共藝術」的設施。二、戶外公共藝術重視與環境相融合的時代趨勢。三、破除戶外公共藝術的設置僅是一件作品座落於土地上的觀念

關鍵字

戶外公共藝術；相融性；創作媒材；生態環境

並列摘要

If a public art cannot compare to a tree in likability, then its worth needs to be reassessed. Public art installations are growing in Taiwan. The real impact of environmental beautification of some of these installed works requires reassessment because of changing circumstances of the environment in which they were installed, as well as the physical state of the installations themselves. Artists choose the medium of their work based on location suitability, the propriety of the installation's environment, and the ensuing maintenance of the work, but these are also long-term factors that influence the harmony of the work and the shifting urban environment. This study uses a literature survey to analyze the relationship between outdoor public art and its environment, the creative media chosen for outdoor public art, and the comparison between natural materials and synthetic materials. This study uses a literature review to present an analytic account on the social responsibility of outdoor public art installations. The account distinguishes four levels of public art based on the premise that public art beautifies space. Among the four levels, there are 16 distinct points to guide the analysis of the quality of public art installations that won awards in Tawan versus those that were awarded internationally. This study found that works from Taiwan are single-category designs, and focuses on the perspectives of the award committee, the commissioning party of the installation, and the artist. The ecological environment and the general public are rendered of secondary importance. Public art that won international awards shows more regard to perspectives that concern everyday life, to issues of social and educational importance and issues concerning spirituality. Future designers of public art in Taiwan need to become aware of the difference. This study offers three recommendations that address the core principle of outdoor public art in Taiwan and harmony with the environment. 1) Reduce "synthetic public art" installations. 2) Emphasize the trend that outdoor public art needs to attain harmony with the environment. 3) Reject the notion that outdoor public art installation is merely a piece of art placed on a tract of land.