- 學位論文
因應高齡者身心狀況的終身住宅之可變性研究---以透天厝為例
A variable research on ageless house depending upon the physical andmental status of the aged－taking Tou-tain-cuo as an example
摘要
﹝摘要﹞ 由於科技進步、醫藥發達造成老年人口不斷地攀升，使得台灣地區的社會高齡化現象日益嚴重。如何能保有高齡者的生活品質，以因應高齡化所帶來的居住問題，為目前急需關注與解決之議題。有鑑於此，引發研究者探討終身住宅的動機，冀望能達到以下之研究目的： 1. 住宅必需具備可變性，以因應高齡者不同身心狀況之空間需求，使高齡者的晚年依舊保有持續、主體與安全的居住環境。 2. 增強高齡者自立的居家生活條件，即使老化也不必急著進住於機構，依舊能居住於住慣的環境中；即使需要他人照顧，也能減輕照顧者的負擔。 在研究方法上，藉由文獻的探討，對高齡者的居住環境與高齡者相關的理論做深入的剖析。透過專家問卷來確立調查因子，以非正式的準結構性訪談方式，調查居住於透天厝的高齡者之生活實態。並以卡方與ANOVA檢定進行顯著性分析，從不同生活自立程度的行為活動對應到住宅空間、場所的問題，期望與理論做相互應証。 綜合前述的文獻探討與調查結果，藉由開放式建築概念的探討，提出終身住宅可變性原則。再透過透天厝空間型態之改建設計之演練，以建構滿足高齡者的健康期、障礙期、臥病期不同階段的終身住宅原型。並且，提出結論與建議如下： 1. 高齡者居家生活的特徵 (1) 生活自立程度會影響居家空間的需求類型。現在比起過去多因為身體變化或障礙而導致空間的不便，且與日常照顧行為均有顯著性關係。 (2) 居家空間改建需求高而改建意願低，兩者有相互矛盾之處。由於「習慣就好」，高齡者寧可屈就於現有的居住環境。 2. 落實終身住宅之可行性 (1) 由調查可知，老化會反應在居住生活事件與空間的變化。住宅有必要滿足終身住宅的理念，藉由事先規畫及設計，將來才不至於無法改建。 (2) 實踐終身住宅的理念，可以減少進住機構的機率，避免人員、醫療等資源的浪費，降低社會的負擔。 3. 落實透天厝空間之改建要項 (1) 徹底了解透天厝的空間構成，以無障礙環境為改建的基本準則，滿足高齡者方便、安全、舒適的居家環境。 (2) 利用物理性的方法改善既有透天厝空間，避免垂直的空間組織成為障礙，不因垂直移動的不便而減少高齡者活動範圍。 4. 居家照護服務與政府補助的配合 實踐終身住宅需要軟、硬體的配合，居家照顧服務與政府獎勵的推動，才能落實「在地老化」原則，達到更符合人性化需求與尊嚴自主的照顧方式。
並列摘要
Abstract With the cutting-edge technology and the medical development, the age of population is continuously rising, which makes the phenomenon more and more serious. How to maintain the living standard of elders to solve the problems of the aged is an emergent issue. That motivates the researcher to explore ageless houses, in hopes of achieving the following objectives： 1. In an effort to cater to the special needs different from each elder’s physical and mental status, a residence must be changeable, which can make them feel free in a continuous, independent, and secure living environment. 2. To strengthen the living conditions of the aged people, which can still let elders stay in the habitual surroundings without hurrying to reside in institutions, alleviate the burden of caretakers. In the research methodology, the living environment of elders and related theories in literatures has been thoroughly analyzed by the researcher. Investigation factors have been set up via professional questionnaires. By using a semi-structured way of interview, the researcher has investigated the real situation of elders living in Tou-tain-cuo. To examine behavioral activities at a different level of the living independency, residence space, and location problems, a significant analysis has been carried out by Chi-Square and ANOVA, attempting to prove the theories. At the next step, by combining the before-mentioned literature reviews and the investigation results, and by means of discussing Open building concepts, a variable principle of ageless houses is proposed. Through the drill of reconstructing design of Tou-tain-cuo, ageless house prototypes are built to satisfy elders at different life stages: health, obstacle, and illness. At the end, the researcher draws conclusions and makes suggestions as follows. 1. The features of the elders’ residential life (1) The degree of living independency will influence the typology of living space. Compared to the past, there is a significant relationship between the special inconvenience incurred by body changing or obstacles and daily caretaking behavior. (2) There is a contradiction between the high demand for living space reconstruction and the low willingness of reconstruction. It can be attributed to “habit”. Elders would rather stay where they are. 2. Feasibility of carrying out ageless house (1) From the investigation, aging would reflect the variability of living events and space. It is necessary to complete the concept of ageless house by ways of planning and designing beforehand in case the residence can not be rebuilt. (2) Executing the concept of ageless house can reduce the probability of moving into institutions, avoid a waste of personnel and medical resources, and moderate the social burden. 3. Points of carrying out the reconstruction of Tou-tain-cuo (1) Thoroughly understand the construction of Tou-tain-cuo, on the basis of a no-obstacle environment, to create the convenience, security and comfort for elders. (2) Utilize the physical method to improve existing Tou-tain-cuo space. Avoid vertically spatial structure becoming obstacles to reduce elders’ activity scope due to the inconvenience of vertical movement. 4. Coordination of living caretaking service and government subsidy Carrying out ageless houses demands the coordination of software and hardware. Only living caretaking service and government promotion can complete the principle of “aging in the original place” and achieve the humanized needs and ways of caretaking with dignity.