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  • 學位論文

上肢運動與肌電圖在不同手持位置的影響

The effect of upper-limb motion and EMG on different hand-hold position

指導教授 : 呂志維

摘要


全球在歷經19世紀的工業化革命之後,現代多數的產線雖都已自動化,但仍可能因為產品特性、設施規劃,又或是設備經費等問題,而免不了需要人工搬運物料(Manual Materials Handling, MMH)的狀況。其中,就可能因為物料搬運介面的設計不良,進而影響到手部動作,甚至於整體的搬運姿勢,使搬運時的移動過程更為艱難;而良好的人因設計介面,則可以強化搬運中的力學優勢,降低肌肉骨骼傷害(Musculoskeletal Disorders, MSDs)所帶來的風險。本研究之目的為探討物料搬運時手持位置、物料重量與關節角度變化的影響,以期能夠給予未來物料搬運上的改善建議。 受試者從不同高度的高度箱,配合手孔箱的不同重量與手持位置,將其搬運至模擬的工作台。為探討物料搬運時手持位置[兩側對稱手孔的上(P1)、中(P2)、下(P3)位置,與兩側無手孔的中(P4)、下(P5)等5種位置]、物料重量[7公斤(W1)、13公斤(W2)等2種重量]、搬運高度[52公分(H1)、72公分(H2)等2種高度]等三項實驗因子對於受試者在知覺費力評量(RPE)、肌肉負荷程度(%MVC)[手腕伸指總肌(EDC)、尺側屈腕肌(FCU)、肱二頭肌(BB)、肱三頭肌(TB)]與關節角度變化[腕關節、肘關節]等三類依變項的影響,實驗過程分成兩個階段:第一階段使用知覺費力評量搜集30位男性於整體搬運過程的知覺心理量;第二階段則隨機選取第一階段中有意願繼續實驗的20人,使用表面肌電傳感器、動態關節角度計搜集搬運過程中抬舉、卸放時的肌電生理量、角度變化量。 研究結果發現手持位置、物料重量等因子對於知覺費力評量(RPE)、肌肉負荷程度(%MVC)皆有顯著的影響,而搬運高度對此兩者皆則無顯著影響。手持位置對於關節角度變化有較明顯的影響,但物料重量及搬運高度對其影響則較不明顯。RPE在手持位置間以無手孔的P4最高,其次為P5,而有手孔的P1、P2、P3之間有相似最低的主觀費力結果(無顯著差異);RPE在物料重量間,W2顯著高於W1約49.75%。%MVC在手持位置間大致上以無手孔的P4為最高,並以有手孔的P2、P3負荷最低;重量因子對於FCU的邊際影響最為顯著,其次則BB,而TB被重量因子的影響最小。在關節角度中,P4因為腕關節角度偏移過於極端,故為最差的手持位置;P1是在P4之後肘關節角度最接近90度的手持位置,也較適合於肘部施力;P3的腕關節伸展以及P5的腕關節尺偏,均是所有手持位置在腕關節當中最接近正中姿勢的,兩者可能是握持強度相對較強的手持位置。在不考量肘關節角度較低,不利於肘部周圍肌肉施力的影響時,P3擁有相對更低的心理負荷、肌肉負荷與腕關節角度偏移,為本研究中最佳的手持位置。

並列摘要


After Industrial Revolution in earth, most production lines have been automated, and Manual Materials Handling (MMH) cannot be completely removed because of product features, facilities planning or funds of equipment. But if the interface is poorly designed, the hand movements and the posture might be affected, to cause the difficulty during handling. And a good design of interface could strengthen the superiority of mechanics, to reduce the risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs). The purpose of this study is to find the influence of handling position, materials weight and the joint angle for MMH. All participants handling a hand-hole box to a simulated workstation from different position, weight and height, to find the influence of handling position [symmetrical handhold cutouts of upper (P1), middle (P2), lower (P3), and symmetrical handhold without cutouts of middle (P4), lower (P5)], materials weight [7kg (W1) and 14kg (W2)] and height [52cm (H1) and 72cm (H2)] to Rating of perceived exertion scale (RPE), Percentage of Maximal Voluntary Contraction (%MVC) [Extensor digitorum communis (EDC), Flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU), Biceps brachii (BB), Triceps brachii (TB)], and the joint angle (wrist and elbow). There’re two stages, using RPE to get the mental load from 30 males during handling at first, then choosing 20 person randomly from stage one to measure the joint angle and muscle activity during lifting and lowering. The results showed that position and weight impacted on RPE and %MVC significantly, but there was not affected on height. And position impacted the joint angle significantly too. P4 was hardest position in RPE, the second was P5, and P1, P2, P3 got the smallest RPE scores similarly. W2 has a significant harder than W1 in RPE (49.75%). P4 was the largest %MVC for most of muscles, but P2, P3 was the least effort conversely. Weight factor had marginal effects on muscle force, the top affected was FCU, then BB, and the TB was smallest. For the joint angle, P4 was the worst position because of extreme angle, and the elbow angle of P1 was closer to 90 degrees after P4, it’s conducive to make force. The wrist angle of P3 and P5 near to neutral than others (Min of extension and ulnar deviation), could make stronger grip strength. Without considering the low angle of elbow, P3 got the smallest mental load, muscle activity, and wrist angle, which will be the best position in this study.

參考文獻


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謝孟桓(2017)。改善包裝作業之評估:以某傳統紡織廠為例〔碩士論文,中原大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201700760

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