基於創新採用觀點採討企業採用電子化採購影響因素之研究

A Study on the Factors of Adopting e-Procurement based on the Perspective of Innovation Adoption

蔡燕妮(Yen-Ni Tsai)

指導教授 ： 皮世明

中原大學/商學院/資訊管理學系/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200600502

摘要

資訊科技的成熟、網際網路的興起與普及帶動了商業活動電子化，更改變了市場需求、結構、交易方式與經營模式。企業處於環境多變且競爭激烈的微利時代中，要快速且彈性的回應市場，就必須善用資訊科技及電子商務有效整合上下游供應鏈，以保有競爭優勢。B2B電子商務的模式在政府與民間的大力推動下，不僅可降低成本、提昇作業效率、企業的觸角延伸更為容易，為企業帶來無限商機。
對企業而言，產品或服務採購金額佔企業收入30%以上，因此採購活動向來是企業重視的營運功能(Segv and Gebauer,2001)。企業電子化採購為供應鏈整合的主幹，在供應鏈中佔有相當的重要地位，企業導入電子化採購能提升企業競爭力及降低生產成本，然而電子化採購的採用情況，根據經濟部2004年調查顯示，國內製造業在線上採購、與供應商使用電子文件交換的普及程度明顯低落。因此，探討影響企業採用電子化採購之因素，將有助於瞭解電子化採購之適用情境以及提供企業用採用評估之參考。
本研究以製造業為研究對象，經由問卷調查方式探討企業採用電子化採購的採用的現況、採用意願與影響因素。本研究之研究架構係整理創新擴散理論中創新接受研究之相關文獻，發展出「相對利益」、「相容性」、「可觀察性」等十三個變數，並分別區分為「創新認知特性」、「組織特性」、「外部環境」三大構面，以此探討影響企業採用電子化採購之影響因素。調查結果顯示在電子化採購採用現況與意願方面，企業普遍接受程度頗高。在影響因素方面，本研究以「創新認知特性」、「組織特性」、「外部環境」三大構面十三個變數來探討採用的影響因素，結果發現「相對利益」、「相容性」、「可觀察性」、「IT經驗」「高階主管支持」、「外界言論」、「產業壓力」、「環境不確定性」、「競爭情形」九個變數呈現具有影響力。

關鍵字

創新擴散理論 ； 創新採用 ； 電子化採購

並列摘要

The maturity of IT and popularity of internet environment drives up various business activities to be in more electronic ways. Further more, that also change the market demand, market structure, trading methods and business operations. Business within the varied competitive environment, so called “micro profit era”, need to utilize their IT and e-commerce tools to integrate both suppliers and customers within their supply chain body which could rapidly and flexibly response to the market demand. Currently, both government and civil institutions positively encourage business enterprise to setup their B2B e-commerce model. The remarkable benefits not only reducing of operation cost, but also improve operation efficiency and extension of business operation more easily, to generate more business opportunities.
As for business daily operation, purchasing of product or service is account for 30% or even more within business revenue (Segv and Gebauer,2001). Therefore purchasing activities (procurement) were the major operation function for business to spot on. Business electronic-procurement is the main force for supply chain integration and act as a major role in supply chain deployment. To implement e-procurement could increase business competitive capability and reduce operation costs. According to the investigation of Department of Economic in 2004; the usage of online-procurement and electronic data exchange with suppliers for domestic manufacturing industry were very low compares to other country. Hence, research to discuss the impact of business to deploy e-procurement will help to understand the suitable circumstance for deploying e-procurement and provide a reference while in survey stage.
In this research, the research target will be focus on manufacture industry, via questionnaire to discuss the e-procurement adoption statues, willingness to adopt e-procurement and impact factors. The research model in this research was summarized from “Innovation Diffusion Theory – The research on innovation acceptance” related study, and develop “Comparative advantage”, “Compatibility”, “Observable”…etc, thirteen variables and differentiate between Three phases “Characteristics of innovation recognition”, “Characteristics of organization”, and “External environment” to analyze the reason of impact on e-procurement adoption. The result had found out, generally business has high willingness on adoption of e-procurement. On the other hand, among thirteen variables across three phases, result shows “Comparative advantage”, “Compatibility”, “Observable”, “IT experience”, “Support from high-level superior”, “Industry stress”, “Environmental uncertainty” and “Competition status” occurs tremendous impact.

並列關鍵字

Innovation Adoption ； Innovation Diffusion Theory ； e-Procurement

參考文獻

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