萊因霍爾德‧尼布爾《人的本性與命運》中罪觀之研究

A Study of Reinhold Niebuhr’s Doctrine of Sin with Emphasis on The Nature and Destiny of Man

陳霽(Chi Chen)

指導教授 ： 歐力仁

中原大學/人文與教育學院/宗教研究所/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200901121

摘要

基督教是一個強調罪（sin）與恩典（grace）的宗教，相較於恩典人們對於罪的接受與認同常抱持著一種逃避及質疑的態度，對於罪的詮釋長久以來各學派亦意見分歧，本文係在探討二十世紀美國最具影響力的神學家萊因霍爾德‧尼布爾（Reinhold Niebuhr）其思想體系的代表性巨作《人的本性與命運》中有關於「罪」概念的研究，尼布爾強調人因處於被創造的有限與自由意志的矛盾之中，人雖處於有限的地位卻企圖超越上帝創造的限制，因此會憂慮與不安，而這樣的處境提供了罪的條件，而罪的本質是驕傲與情慾，驕傲之罪係在於人缺乏對上帝的信心，企圖以自我的力量來取代上帝的地位。尼布爾認為人們對於罪的漠視與忽視，是導致社會混亂動盪與倫理道德低落的要因，對基督徒而言亦代表著信仰的危機警訊，尼布爾對於罪的觀點係從現實社會中的人性予以解析，體現當代人們對此問題的現況，研究範疇將論述其罪觀的概念及對罪的本質及型態解析進而建構尼布爾罪觀的思想體系。由於尼布爾的思想涵蓋神學、哲學、政治、社會、歷史等，涉及層面相當廣泛且相關著作甚多，為專注探討其罪觀思想，本研究範圍將以其思想體系中最重要且具系統的代表著作《人的本性與命運》為主要研究文本，透過對於尼布爾罪觀的分析解構，將有助於我們對此一的問題梳理瞭解，喚醒人們對於罪的漠視。

關鍵字

情慾 ； 驕傲 ； 罪 ； 有限 ； 自由意志 ； 憂慮 ； 不安

並列摘要

Christianity is the religion that emphasizes sin and grace. In comparison with grace, people often take questionable and doubtful attitudes toward the acceptance and identification of sin. Every sect has also had different views about the explanation of sin for a long time. This study is to investigate the concept of sin in “The Nature and Destiny of Man”, an ideological representative work of the most influence American theologian in twentieth century, Reinhold Niebuhr. Niebuhr emphasized that human beings would be anxious and insecure because they were in the creative finiteness and free-will paradox and attempted to surmount the restriction that God created, but such situation offered the opportunities for sin. The nature of sin is pride and sensuality. The sin of pride lies in people lack of the faith to God and attempt to replace God's status with one's own strength. Niebuhr thought that ignoring and disregarding the sin is the significant reason causing social disorder and moral low and it also means the faith crisis to Christian. Niebuhr analyzed from human nature in realistic society to the viewpoint of sin which reflected the situation for contemporary people. This study will expound Niebuhr’s concept of the viewpoint of sin and analyze the essence of sin in order to construct the ideological system of Niebuhr’s viewpoint of sin. Because Niebuhr's thought contains theology, philosophy, politics, society, history, etc., it involves quite extensive aspects and there are a lot of relevant works. In order to investigate his viewpoint of sin, this reserach would adopt his most important and systematic representaive work “The Nature and Destiny of Man” as the main study text. Through the analysis of Niebuhr's viewpoint of sin, it will facilitate us to understand this question and wake people up to face the disregard of sin.

並列關鍵字

pride ； insecure ； free-will. ； anxious ； sin ； sensuality ； finiteness

參考文獻

11.鄔昆如，〈聖奧斯定的罪惡觀〉，載於《哲學與文化》，第17卷第5期，1990年。

一、尼布爾（Reinhold Niebuhr）著作

2.Faith and History: A Comparison of Christian and Modern Views History, New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1949.

3.Leaves from the Notebook of a Tamed Cynic, Chicago: Willett, Clark, & Colby, 1929.

4.Moral Man and Immoral Society, New York: Charles Scribnerp's Sons, 1965.