以國際技術擴散觀點探討知識擴散之動態變化:以東協及南亞國家為例

在現今全球經濟如此競爭的時代，技術進步為一國在與其他國家進行經濟競爭的重要原因，而國際技術擴散(Intermational Technology Diffusion)就是驅使國家技術進步的重要因素。但由於全球的經濟重心在近幾年已有所轉變，故本研究欲使用社會網絡分析(Social Network Analysis)來研究區域性的國際技術擴散，並欲透過此來分析技術擴散變動及各國的角色地位。本研究透過網絡中心性(Network Centrality)及結構洞模型(Structural Hole Model)進行整體性的基礎網絡分析，再使用中介角色模型(Brokerage Role Model)研究不同分群狀態下，各國在網絡中擔任不同類型中介角色的情形。本研究採用22個樣本國家，研究期間為1997~2015年，來探討專利引證所構成的區域性國際技術擴散網絡之結構及變化。根據實證結果，本研究發現就整體而言，以亞洲為主體的區域性國際技術擴散網絡，主要的技術來源國是日本，而技術先擴散至周邊其他已開發國家，再透過新加坡及印度擔任重要仲介將技術知識擴散至發展中國家。在面臨東南亞國協(ASEAN)的崛起之下，各國都急於競爭東協市場，而台灣則可以運用本身專利技術知識的優勢來維持區域內的角色地位，並針對區域內重要的中介角色國家，如泰國、印尼、新加坡等國進行密切的策略性互動來提升自身在區域內的影響力。

關鍵字

國際技術擴散；社會網絡分析；專利引證

並列摘要

Since more and more competitive era in the global ecomomic, technological progress is the main driver of national economic growth and international technology diffusion is an important way to get advanced technology. Because the global economic situation has changed, this study want to use social network analysis to research international technology diffusion in region area and use it to analysis the dynamic structure of knowledge diffusion and the position of countries.In this study, the overall view is through the network centrality and structural hole model, and then use the brokerage role model to study the intermediary role types of countries in different partition. We utilize countries of 22 during 1997 to 2015 as the sample to explore the structure and change of the regional international technology diffusion network formed by patent citations. Based on the empirical results, this study found that the main source of technology in the international technology diffusion network of this study is Japan. The technology spread to the surrounding other developed countries, and then through Singapore and India as an important intermediary technical knowledge spread to developing countries. As a result of the rapid development of ASEAN, countries are eager to compete in the ASEAN market, while Taiwan can use its own patented technical knowledge to maintain the status of the region and focus on the important intermediary countries, such as Thailand, Indonesia and Singapore. We can plan some strategy to these important countries to improve our influence in the area.