九一一事件後,「伊斯蘭」成為「恐怖主義」的同義詞,「伊斯蘭恐怖主義」儼然是「西方」(尤其美國)的最大敵人(「Islam vs. West」)。一般探討「恐怖主義」(terrorism)多從「西方」(尤其美國)的觀點出發,所謂的「反恐怖主義」(anti-terrorism)戰爭也是植基於美國政府的思維,鮮少從「伊斯蘭」社會(如印尼)的脈絡下來省思及探討。「恐怖攻擊」事件是「伊斯蘭」和「西方」衝突的個案。從「伊斯蘭」以及印尼的社會、政治及經濟發展的脈絡下,去觀察分析印尼政府在「恐怖攻擊」事件後的回應與背後的意涵,是本論文研究的目的,也是筆者努力的方向,希望能對相關領域學術社群有所貢獻。 本論文藉由蒐集整理分析相關文獻資料及文本(官方文件、政治精英之言論及媒體相關報導),描繪出印尼政府在九一一事件後對國內「恐怖攻擊」事件相關政策之回應,進而在「亞太主義」及「泛伊斯蘭主義」的脈絡下,解析印尼政府回應背後的意涵。本論文的結論是,印尼政府雖然初期陷入「伊斯蘭vs.西方」的困境,但其將「反恐」界定為「政治」問題而非「宗教」問題,透過「議題」本質設定的切割,避免印尼必須在「伊斯蘭」及「西方」之中做選擇,試圖在「泛伊斯蘭主義」及「亞太主義」之間取得另一種形式的平衡,進而讓印尼由「困境」中解脫。
After the 9/11 attacks, “Islam” becomes the synonym of “terrorism”. “Islamic terrorism” obviously turns into the worst enemy of the West countries, especially for U.S.. Many articles often discuss combating terrorism from American point of view. So-called “global war on terror” is based on American way of thinking, not in the context of Muslim society like Indonesia. Indonesia is the biggest Muslim nation in the world. The terrorist attacks which occurred in Indonesia are the cases on behalf of the clash between Islam and the West. This thesis aims to observe and analyse how Indonesia governments respond to anti-terrorism within the context of its social, political and economic development. That is also my goal to strive. I hope that it will make a meaningful contribution to the relevant academic community. By collecting and analysing related texts including official documents, talks and newspaper reports, this thesis describes the Indonesian responses and policy actions toward domestic security problems and U.S.-led “anti-terrorism” in the post-September 11 era, furthermore to explain the implications behind those responses. This study uses the two concepts as analytical framework-“pan-Islamism” and “Asia-Pacificism”. The conclusion is, although Indonesian government fell into the dilemma of “Islam vs. West” in the beginning, it sought to depart from the paradox and go on its way. Indonesian authority defines anti-terrorism as political issues not religious issues. Through distinguishing setting of issue’s nature, it can enable Indonesia to avoid to choose between Islam and the West, then to acquire another kind of balance.