大學生參與社團經驗中提升團隊合作之跟隨智慧

摘要卓越的領導能夠提升社會乃至國家的競爭力，在卓越的領導裡跟隨者扮演著舉足輕重的角色。然而一直以來我們卻輕忽跟隨者在領導關係中的重要性。若從跟隨者的角度重新卓越領導，勢必能夠增進我們對卓越領導的了解。大學裡的系隊、社團以及學生會等，皆是大學生在步入社會前所參與的一個小型組織，我們對於卓越領導、好的跟隨者等概念也往往透過大學社團中之跟隨經驗而逐漸形成，許多磨練個體團體互動能力的契機，必須透過參與社團才能成形。本研究從大學生參與社團學習經驗著手，從他們透過社團經驗所得之學習去探討大學生對好的跟隨者的了解及他們經由社團學習經驗中所展現的跟隨智慧。在文獻探討方面，研究先從領導理論以及現有的跟隨理論，去推論好的跟隨者的定義以在卓越領導中所扮演的角色。此外，研究也探討社團經驗帶給學生的影響，以及大學生參與社團中的跟隨智慧。本研究以自認為從社團經驗得到重大學習並且曾有提升社團團隊合作的大學生為訪談對象，對其進行半結構訪談，之後將訪談內容彙整成逐字稿並加以分析。研究結果顯示受訪者透過社團經驗可得之學習分別為:(一) 增進社交技巧、(二)增進融入團隊的能力、(三) 增進辦理活動的能力、(四)增進對領導的理解，以及(五)增進對跟隨的理解。受訪者心目中好的跟隨者的定義為（一）積極參與團隊事務、（二）從團隊出發，為社團著想，以及（三）適時發現問題與領導者溝通。此外，跟隨者確實能展現提升社團團隊合作之智慧，主要透過以身作則、修改自己缺點、主動去找社團成員聊天吃飯或者舉辦社團活動作為，進而對自己發揮使自己人際關係或社交能力得以提升等正面影響，對社團發揮使社員感情更為緊密進而提升團隊氣氛的正面影響。

關鍵字

智慧；大學生；社團學習經驗；跟隨者

並列摘要

Abstract: Outstanding leadership can exert positive influence over society and enhance national competitiveness. Good followers play an important role in facilitating outstanding leadership. However, few research focus on good followers in the discussion of leadership. Our understanding of outstanding leadership can be greatly enhanced if we examine it from the perspective of good followers. Student organization is a miniature organization. Leading and following is also displayed in it. In this study, I recruited college students who have acquired important learning from their participation of student organizations and have enhanced team cooperation. I examined the lessons they learned and the wisdom they displayed in enhancing team cooperation through semi-structured interviews. Results showed that what college students learned from their participation in student organizations help them become more skillful in social interactions, enhance the abilities of integrating into the team, enhance the abilities of conducting activities, enhance the understanding of leadership and followership. For college students the elements of good followers include (a) aggressively participating in the organization, (b) thinking from the perspective of the organization, (c) finding problems and discussing with leader. Followers manifested wisdom through integrating perspectives of student organization and oneself, embodied their vision, and then exerted positive influence for oneself, others and to enhance team cooperation in student organization.