國中學生多元文化課程與教學之研究

高婉貞

指導教授 ： 黃純敏

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/教育學系在職進修碩士班/碩士(2008年)

摘要

本研究主要的目的，在於設計一套以新移民族群為主題的多元文化課程教材，並進行實驗教學，以瞭解課程對於增加學生的新移民族群社會文化認知，改變學生對新移民族群的刻板印象，增進與新移民族群的接納與互動關係是否有影響，並檢討其適用性。實驗教學的對象為國中二年級的學生，實驗組30名，對照組30名，依據前、後測t考驗的統計分析，以及學生在學習單的回饋與訪問資料，歸納主要發現如下。
實驗課程與教學的學習效果，呈現積極正向的發展，包含實驗課程與教學提昇學生對新移民文化的認知程度，幫助學生勇於承認並轉變對新移民族群負面的形象，願意以友善的態度接納新移民族群，並主動發展良好的族群關係。班上兩位新移民學生的族群文化認知與人際關係，也有明顯的進步。至於課程與教學部分，從學習意見調查表分析，得知實驗課程深受學生的肯定與喜愛。喜歡的理由包含豐富的課程內涵，增進學生對其他文化尊重與包容，多元化的教學策略為不同族群學生擴大學習機會，小組合作表現的評分增進良好的族群互動關係。
課程實施遭遇的困難與解決策略方面，包括：一、高難度的課程內容較難達到學習目標，在面對文化不利地區之學童，建議使用循序漸進的引導方式，多舉實例來說明，培養學生從不同角度思考族群議題的能力，建構自己的知識觀。二、少數學生在課堂上喜歡起鬨，影響他人發表的意願，影響教學成效，故培養尊重、接納他人意見的班級氣氛，還須投注更多的心力去營造。三、課程設計中社會行動的份量顯得不足，僅讓學生將上課心得投稿至校刊，未能把握機會，讓學生採取更積極的行動，如投稿至報社要求編輯改進、走進社區關懷新移民等。四、針對新移民題材作為多元文化課程設計之專業知能不足，應多進修充實多元文化知能。五、偏遠學校教學設備不足又太過老舊，若能更新添購攝影器材，對於教學過程的紀錄，會有更多的幫助。
根據上述結論，研究者提出以下幾項建議:首先對學校的建議，包含：一、國民中學應利用彈性課程積極推展有關新移民族群之多元文化課程。二、綜合活動、藝術與人文與社會領域教材編製應增加新移民族群相關內容。三、教師進修應納入多元文化教育提升教學專業與輔導知能。其次，對課程設計與實施的建議，包含:一、課程教材編選應重視學生的興趣和認知發展。二、教學時間應充裕可加深思考與自我反省的程度。三、教學活動設計應運用多樣化的教學策略，使學習豐富多元。四、教學資源應善用社區和家長之人力，增加課程的深度與廣度。五、課程評鑑應該採質量並重的方法，交叉驗證以確保研究結果的一致性。

關鍵字

新移民族群 ； 多元文化課程 ； 刻板印象 ； 族群接納 ； 族群互動

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to design a new immigrant communities to the theme of multicultural curriculum materials and teaching experiments to understand the curriculum for the increase in new immigrant groups of students socio-cultural awareness, to change the students to new immigrant groups stereotype , the promotion and acceptance of new immigrant groups whether it will affect the relationship and interaction, and a review of its applicability. The object of experimental teaching for the country in second-grade students, the experimental group 30, control group 30, based on pre-and post-test t test statistical analysis, as well as students in single study feedback and access information, summarized the main findings are as follows.
Experimental Study of Curriculum and Instruction effects, showed a positive development of positive, including the experimental curriculum and teaching to enhance the students for the new immigrants and cultural awareness to help students to recognize and change negative groups of new immigrants to the image of a friendly attitude of willingness to accept new immigrant groups, and took the initiative to develop good relations between ethnic groups. Class two new groups of immigrant students cultural awareness and interpersonal relationships, and there have been noticeable progress. As part of Curriculum and Instruction from the study analysis of survey forms and was informed that the experimental programs are very popular with students definitely love. Like grounds contains a wealth of curriculum content, students of other cultures to promote respect and tolerance, a wide range of teaching strategies for different groups of students to expand learning opportunities, team performance in the promotion of good interaction between ethnic groups.
Curriculum implementation difficulties encountered and solutions strategy, including: 1, difficult course content more difficult to achieve study objectives, in the face of disadvantaged areas of school culture, it is recommended to use step-by-step guide the way to cite examples to show that students from different perspective and that the ability of groups to construct their own knowledge concept. Second, a small number of students in the classroom like the booing, the impact made by the wishes of others, affect the effectiveness of teaching and learning, they develop respect for and accept the views of others Class atmosphere, but also betting more energy to create. Three, the curriculum design of the weight of social action inadequate, only allowing students to experience classes Contributors to the school magazine, failed to grasp the opportunities for students to take more positive actions, such as the submission requirements to the newspaper editor improvements, new immigrants into the community care, etc. . Fourth, for new immigrants as a multi-cultural themes of the curriculum design inadequate professional knowledge and skills should be more multi-cultural knowledge and ability to study further. Fifth, lack of teaching equipment in remote schools are too old, can update the acquisition of photographic equipment, for the record of the teaching process, there will be more help.
Based on the above conclusions, the researchers made the following suggestions: First of all, the school's recommendations, including: First, national secondary schools should actively promote the use of a flexible curriculum of the new groups of immigrants Multicultural Curriculum. Second, the integrated areas of activity should be increased with a curriculum developed by the new immigrants groups relevant content. Third, teacher education should be incorporated into the teaching profession to enhance multicultural education and counseling knowledge and skills. Secondly, the curriculum design and implementation of the recommendations, including: First, select and edit course materials students should pay attention to the interests and cognitive development. Second, teaching should be ample time for reflection and to deepen the degree of self-reflection. Third, the design of teaching activities, must be used in a variety of teaching strategies, so that the rich multicultural study. Fourth, teaching resources should make the best use of human communities and parents to increase the depth and breadth of courses. Five, the curriculum should be adopted both qualitative and quantitative evaluation methods, cross-validation to ensure consistency of research findings.

並列關鍵字

new immigrant groups ； multi-cultural curriculum ； stereotypes ； ethnic acceptance ； ethnic interaction

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