台灣地區國小學童運動習慣與家庭飲食教養之研究

根據國健署統計，國內兒童及青少年每四人就有一人為過重或肥胖，兒童肥胖率高達30％，堪稱「亞洲之冠」。兒童是國家未來的主人翁，保護每一位學童健康安全長大，便是保障國家的繁榮前景，然而就目前學童的健康現狀是令人擔憂的，從歷年公共衛生統計資料中，已警示我國國小學童在肥胖與蛀牙等健康狀況有逐年嚴重惡化的情形，在在突顯重視學童飲食營養與健康問題已經刻不容緩。隨著社會多元化發展及生活水準提高，早已改變家庭生活方式、飲食習慣與作息型態，這些改變無不影響我國國小學童之飲食習慣與身體健康。由於學童日常生活與飲食習慣大多受限於自身父母或長輩的照護與供給，及來自學校營養午餐的供應，所以家庭中父母或長輩的飲食與生活習慣，對學童往往具有示範和影響的效果。本研究目的旨在嘗試建構實證模型，進而探討我國家庭中親代的營養知識、飲食教養和習慣，對國小學童健康與運動影響為何。本研究實證資料採用2001~2002年針對台灣地區國小學童營養狀況調查之 NAHSIT II 資料庫，利用Heckman(1979)兩階段樣本選擇模型進行實證分析與討論。本研究發現，國小學童親代的營養知識越正確，其家庭之飲食教養較能發揮作用與良好的影響效果，進而產生生活習慣較好且願意經常從事運動的學童，且學童的健康狀況表現較為健康，反之則健康狀況較差。

關鍵字

國小學童；營養認知；飲食教養；運動習；樣本選擇模型

並列摘要

According to the statistics from Health Promotion Administration, one in four children and adolescents in our country is overweight or fat, and the obesity rate is as high as 30%, making it the "the No. 1 in Asia". Children are the future of the country and it is to protect the prosperity of county when protecting every child grows up healthy and safely. However, it makes people worry about the current health status of schoolchildren. From the public health statistics over the years, it warned us that the health condition such as obesity and tooth decay for elementary school children of our country have severely deteriorated year by year which makes it prominent that it is imperative to pay attention to the nutrition and health of schoolchildren. With the diversified development of society and improvement of living standards, lifestyles, eating habits and patterns of work and rest for the family have long been changed and these changes have all affected the eating habits and physical health of elementary school children in our county. Because the daily life and eating habits of schoolchildren are mostly limited by the care and supply of their parents or elders, and the supply of school lunch from the school; therefore, the diet and living habits of parents or elders in the family often have the effect of demonstrating and influencing the schoolchildren. The purpose of this study is to try to construct an empirical model to explore the nutritional knowledge, dietary education and habits of the parents the family of our county, and what is the impact on the health and exercise of elementary school children. The empirical data that this study adopted are the NAHSIT II database for the investigation of nutritional status of elementary school children in Taiwan from 2001 to 2002, using Heckman (1979) two-stage sample selection model for empirical analysis and discussion. This study found that the more correct the nutrition knowledge of the schoolchildren of primary school, the more effective the dietary education of the family can play a role and good influence, and then the schoolchildren who have good habits and are willing to exercise regularly, and the health status of the children is healthier, on the contrary, the health condition is poor.