通訊詐欺犯罪行為特性與模式之研究

An Empirical Research on the Characteristics and Models of Communication Frauds

張智雄(Chih-Hsiung Chang)

指導教授 ： 許春金

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/犯罪學研究所/碩士(2011年)

摘要

本研究之目的乃鑒於近幾年來經濟不景氣，再加上金融海嘯之衝擊，造成世界各國經濟嚴重衰退景氣更加蕭條，許多企業為了生存接連實施裁員及無薪假等制度與措施，使得失業率不斷攀升，詐騙集團更藉此機會利用人性之弱點行騙，諸如宣稱中獎、退稅、信貸、網購、援交…等等，並運用最新之通訊科技與設施，手段可真是無所不用其極，再加上一些無知的「人頭」為貪圖小利，有意或無意出賣自己的銀行帳戶或手機門號供歹徒使用，更助長詐騙集團之猖獗，也因此嚴重侵害人民之財產安全法益。為此，誠有必要深入分析研究此等藉由通訊科技設施遂行詐欺犯罪之行為特性與模式，俾探討、擬具可行之方案，以確實防堵甚至消滅詐騙集團之橫行，保障民眾之財產安全。

本研究採用內容分析法，首先藉由法務統計資料探討2005－2009年通訊詐欺犯罪在數量、型態、手法方面之變異，及被害人之性別、年齡、職業與教育程度等之資料分析，以瞭解整個詐欺犯罪之變遷。其次並以2005年至2009年此五年中全國各地方法院檢察署受理之通訊詐欺犯罪被害案件統計資料加以分析、比較；再以大臺中地區已發生、破獲之新型態通訊詐欺犯罪中，採個案研究方法，分別就近年來司法警察機關所偵破之二十件大型詐欺集團案例，針對判決書之內容，分別就被害、犯罪之情境與模式、加害人與被害人特徵、犯案標的等加以分析、研究，藉以瞭解影響通訊詐欺犯罪之成因及其行為特性，進而研擬出具體有效防制作為。

研究結果顯示，近年來詐欺集團藉通訊科技所具有之不特定、即時、可匿名、間接、專業化、跨境（國）化、低風險、複雜等特性，普遍利用以該項科技作為進行各項詐騙之主要工具，並運用精細之分工，佐以精心設計之騙術再加上訓練有素的說謊本領實施詐騙。因此被害對象可說是不分性別、年齡、職業等，人人皆有可能成為詐欺被害者。另外本研究亦顯示被害者被害原因大部分都是昧於「好奇與貪小便宜」、「需求」、「無知」、「同情」、「信任」、「懼怕」等心理因素所致。而綜合上開特性與模式，可見目前通訊詐欺犯罪均具有人頭帳戶（電話）仍充斥、通訊科技為媒介、分工細密、精巧具智慧、騙局設計多樣化、再犯率高、警方偵查困難等現象。此亦為造成今日該類犯罪猖獗之重要原因。

因此，本研究鑒於通訊詐欺犯罪所具有之上開特性，認此確為錯縱複雜之犯罪模式，牽涉層面非常廣，非一般傳統犯罪，單靠司法警察機關是難以有效防制，不應再僅由警政機關扮演防制核心角色，建請政府機關應確實統合司法院、法務部、內政部、財政部、新聞局、交通部、金融監督管理委員會、勞委會、衛生署、教育部等單位依主管權責積極共同努力防制與宣導，且各機關應摒除本位主義，並強化本研究所建議之各項防制作為，期能以竟其功，並收宏效。

關鍵字：通訊詐欺、詐騙集團、詐欺犯罪

關鍵字

通訊詐欺 ； 詐騙集團 ； 詐欺犯罪

並列摘要

The purpose of making this study was because of the fact – over recent years the business was depressing. The Financial Tsunami impacted the world economy, and made a serious economic recession worldwide. Many enterprises continued to downsize their employees for survival. The unemployment rate was rising. Thus, fraud groups had the chance to take advantage of human weak points to cheat people in terms of winning a lottery, tax refund, credit loan, on-line shopping, assistant-sex-transaction, etc…The fraud groups also employed the newest communication technologies and equipment. They resorted to every conceivable means. What was worse was that some ignorant people coveted small advantages, and knowingly or unknowingly sold their bankbooks to the evildoers for their uses. It helped fraud groups more rampant. It seriously violated people’s property and legal interests. Therefore, it was necessary to make a deep analysis and study on the characters and the patterns of criminal behavior which employed communication technology and equipment to commit deceptive act. After that, a workable project should be worked out to practically block the spread of fraud groups, or even eliminate the fraud groups. Thus, people’s property could be protected and safe.

A content analysis was employed for this study. Firstly, through the statistic data of Minister of Justice, the caseloads of communication frauds from 2005 to 2009 were studied on the criminal patterns, the changes of criminal skills and “the sex, the age, the occupation and the educational attainment of the victims” so as to understand the overall changes of the frauds. Secondly, the statistic information of the victims’ cases on the communication frauds processed by prosecutors offices of national courts from 2005 to 2009 were analyzed and compared. Then, a case study was made to the new patterns of communication fraud crimes occurred and uncovered in Metro Taichung. After that, for the twenty big criminal cases committed by fraud groups and uncovered by police stations or judicial branches in recent years, the contents of court verdicts, the scenarios and patterns of the victims and the perpetrators, the traits of the perpetrators and the victims, and the objects of the crimes were analyzed and studied. By means of analysis and study, the causes of communication fraud crimes and their behavioral characters could be understood. Furthermore, a concrete, effective and preventative action could be formulated.

The study findings showed that in recent years the fraud groups frequently used the communication technology as a major tool to commit frauds because this technology possessed special properties, such as uncertain subjects, real time, anonymity, indirect contact, specialization, transnationality, low risks and complication. Their division of labor was very perfect. Furthermore, they used carefully plotted deceitful tricks and well-trained lying ability to cheat people. Therefore, the victims covered both sexes, many ages and many occupations. It was possible for everyone to become a victim of fraud. Besides, this study also showed that most causes of being cheated came from victim’s psychological factors, such as curiosity, coveting small advantages, demand, ignorance, sympathy, trust and fear. Coordinating above mentioned characters and patterns, we understood that the present communication fraud criminals all had dummy accounts (telephone numbers). They used communication technology as a medium. Their division of labor was very perfect. They were smart. The fraud design was diversified. Recidivism rate was high. It was difficult for policemen to uncover them. Therefore, today such properties become important causes for the crime to be so rampant.
In consideration of the communication fraud with above characters, it is really a complicate crime pattern, and the dimensions involved are very wide. It is not a conventional type of crime. It is difficult to effectively prevent the crime if we only rely on police stations or judicial branches to do the work. We should not just ask the policy agency to act as a core role. We suggest that our government would practically integrate Judicial Yuan, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of the Interior, Ministry of Finance, Government Information Office, Ministry of Transportation and Communications, Financial Supervisory Commission, Council of Labor Affairs, Department of Health, and Ministry of Education to do every possible way depending on their authorities to prevent the crime and give propaganda. Besides, each agency should get rid of sectionalism, and reinforce each preventative action suggested by this study. Thus, we can expect a success on the prevention, and have a very good effect.

Key words: communication fraud, fraud group, crime of fraud

並列關鍵字

communication fraud ； fraud group ； crime of fraud

參考文獻

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