跨境電話詐欺集團特徵之研究

A Study on the Characteristics of Cross-Border Telephone Fraud Groups

劉家妤(Chia-Yu Liu)

指導教授 ： 許春金

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/犯罪學研究所/碩士(2012年)

摘要

近十幾年在臺灣，民眾常有被電話詐欺集團騷擾過的經驗，而接到詐欺電話似乎已是一件稀鬆平常、迫於無奈的事。此些電話詐欺集團營運之據點原本藏匿於台灣和大陸某處，然而，自兩岸司法互助後，電話詐欺集團為躲避兩岸執法機關之查緝，便將詐欺據點從兩岸逐漸轉移至東南亞地區發展，電話詐欺犯罪遂演變成跨境犯罪問題，使得執法機關查緝工作愈顯困難且防不勝防。而跨境犯案的電話詐欺集團營運方式愈來愈組織化、分工化，故實有必要針對跨境犯案的電話詐欺此犯罪現象多加探討並瞭解其營運方式，進而分析電話詐欺集團擁有哪些特徵，此為本研究之主要目的。

本研究至矯治機構以質性研究之深入訪談法訪談四位電話詐欺集團成員，而此四位受訪者分別隸屬於三個電話詐欺集團，而此三個電話詐欺集團營運之據點則分別涵蓋兩岸、東南亞各國，但集團主要行騙對象仍為兩岸民眾。

本研究有以下發現：跨境電話詐欺集團據點設立之考量，以躲避治安單位之查緝為主；電話詐欺集團犯罪雖有組織化，但非屬“組織犯罪”；電話詐欺集團成員流動率高、集團內部之規範和處罰並不講究；臺灣的電話詐欺集團規模小且內部管理較大陸或泰國的電話詐欺集團還鬆散且分散；臺灣籍電話詐欺集團成員赴大陸或東南亞各國犯案時，無環境適應的問題；電話詐欺集團首腦因身懷鉅款，故容易成為其他犯罪人覬覦而綁架的對象。

本研究對實務界之建議：電話詐欺集團成員不法獲利高，然執法機關卻難以追討其錢財，致騙徒可擁龐大不法獲利度餘生，故執法機關應針對電話詐欺集團成員之不法利益加強查緝並追討，或再行修法並研擬之；兩岸司法互助仍需持續交流和開展；假證件流通情形仍便利。

關鍵字

跨境犯罪 ； 電信詐欺 ； 電話詐欺集團

並列摘要

In these years, people in Taiwan have been disturbed by telephone fraud groups so frequently that it seems unavoidable. These groups hide originally somewhere in Taiwan. However, since the governments across the Taiwan Straits have signed Cross-strait Joint Fight against Crime and Mutual Legal Assistance Agreement (CJFCMLAA), telephone fraud groups gradually transfer their bases from Taiwan to Mainland China or south-east Asian, in order to prevent being caught. Thus telephone fraud is changed from being a local crime problem to a cross-border one, and this makes investigation hard. In this thesis, we analyze the patterns of cross-border phone frauds to find their common characteristics, with the hope that the results can be used by the authorities to decrease the fraud crime rate in the future.

We use qualitative research method with in-depth interviewing four persons. The four interviewees represented three different groups active in Mainland China, Taiwan to Southeast Asia. Both Mainland China and Taiwanese people are the telephone fraud groups cheat target.

The study found that 1) criminals set their group stronghold are concerned with investigate and seize by enforcement officer. 2) cross-border telephone fraud group commit crimes are organized, but they are not “organized crime”. 3) telephone fraud groups had high turnover rate, group standard and discipline are not concern. 4) hidden in Taiwan’s telephone fraud groups are small and easygoing management than the groups who hidden in China or Southeast Asia. 5) Taiwanese group member who commit crime and hidden in China or every Southeast Asia country, they do not have environmental adaptation problems. 6) telephone fraud group leader who have too many property, could be kidnap by other criminals.

Telephone frauds are crimes with high illegal income but low risk, and it is almost the case that the money cannot be pursued even the fraud members are caught. This study proposes to the practice field: the law enforcement authority needs to changes the laws to let investigation and pursue of illegal income easier. Also, the fake ID problems need to be resolved.

並列關鍵字

cross-border crime ； telecommunication crime ； telephone fraud group

參考文獻

許春金，2007，《犯罪學》。三民書局。

宋樹寰，2008，《電信詐欺犯罪類型、特徵與防制策略之研究》，臺北大學犯罪學研究所碩士論文。

孟維德，2010，《國際警察合作與跨國犯罪防制》。桃園：中央警察大學。

張智雄，2011，《通訊詐欺犯罪行為特性與模式之研究》，臺北大學犯罪學研究所碩士論文。

曾進忠，2010，《資通訊詐欺犯罪特性及歷程之研究》，臺北大學犯罪學研究所碩士論文。